Sex disparities of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality among patients living with tuberculosis in the United States
Abstract Background： We aimed to determine the trend of tuberculosis (TB)-related deaths during the pandemic, with focus on the impact of the epidemic on mortality in males and females. Methods： Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Census Bureau, TB-related mortality data of decedents aged ≥ 25 years from 2006-2021 were analyzed. Excess TB-related deaths were estimated by determining the difference between observed and projected mortality rates during the pandemic. The mortality trends were then quantified with Joinpoint regression analysis. Results： A total of 18,626 TB-related deaths were documented among adults aged 25 years and older from 2006-2021. A downward trend was noted in TB-related mortality rates before the pandemic, followed by an increase during the pandemic. TB-related age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were 0.51 in 2020 and 0.52 in 2021, corresponding to an excess mortality of 10.22% and 9.19%, respectively. Increased TB-related mortality was observed across all age and sex subgroups, but female with TB demonstrated a higher relative increase in mortality (26.33% vs. 2.17% in 2020; 21.48% vs.3.23% in 2021) during the pandemic when compared to male. Furthermore, female with TB and aged 45-64 years old showed a surge in mortality, with an annual percent change (APC) of -2.2% pre-pandemic to 22.8% (95% CI: -1.7% to 68.7%) during the pandemic, corresponding to excess mortalities of 62.165% and 99.16% in 2020 and 2021, respectively; these excess mortality rates were higher than those observed in the overall female population ages 45-64 years in 2020 (17.53%) and 2021 (33.79%). Conclusions： The steady decline in TB-related mortality in the United States has been reversed by COVID-19. Female patients with TB were disproportionately affected by the pandemic, largely owing to care gaps and health disparities experienced by this population..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
ResearchSquare.com - (2024) vom: 18. März Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2024 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Deng, Huan [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [kostenfrei] |
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| doi: |
10.21203/rs.3.rs-3676795/v1 |
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XRA041799429 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Background： We aimed to determine the trend of tuberculosis (TB)-related deaths during the pandemic, with focus on the impact of the epidemic on mortality in males and females. Methods： Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Census Bureau, TB-related mortality data of decedents aged ≥ 25 years from 2006-2021 were analyzed. Excess TB-related deaths were estimated by determining the difference between observed and projected mortality rates during the pandemic. The mortality trends were then quantified with Joinpoint regression analysis. Results： A total of 18,626 TB-related deaths were documented among adults aged 25 years and older from 2006-2021. A downward trend was noted in TB-related mortality rates before the pandemic, followed by an increase during the pandemic. TB-related age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were 0.51 in 2020 and 0.52 in 2021, corresponding to an excess mortality of 10.22% and 9.19%, respectively. Increased TB-related mortality was observed across all age and sex subgroups, but female with TB demonstrated a higher relative increase in mortality (26.33% vs. 2.17% in 2020; 21.48% vs.3.23% in 2021) during the pandemic when compared to male. Furthermore, female with TB and aged 45-64 years old showed a surge in mortality, with an annual percent change (APC) of -2.2% pre-pandemic to 22.8% (95% CI: -1.7% to 68.7%) during the pandemic, corresponding to excess mortalities of 62.165% and 99.16% in 2020 and 2021, respectively; these excess mortality rates were higher than those observed in the overall female population ages 45-64 years in 2020 (17.53%) and 2021 (33.79%). Conclusions： The steady decline in TB-related mortality in the United States has been reversed by COVID-19. Female patients with TB were disproportionately affected by the pandemic, largely owing to care gaps and health disparities experienced by this population. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Xiaofeng |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Qi, Mingyan |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Qiu, Sikai |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a He, Xinyuan |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ji, Fanpu |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zeng, Qing-Lei |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gao, Ning |4 aut | |
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