The influence of the host sex on infection intensities of parasite lineages belonging to Haemoproteus majoris in a natural bird community
Abstract Immunological capability shows a sexual dimorphism in diverse animal species. Females are generally more immunocompetent than males, leading to the higher susceptibility of males to infection compared to females and thus greater infection-related pathology in males. This sex-differences in immunity remains to be understudied in birds. Here, we compared the infection intensities of three different parasite lineages belonging to the morphological species Haemoproteus majoris (namely PARUS1, PHSIB1 and WW2), a widespread blood parasite of birds, in terms of sex in birds species living in a natural community. We found that infection intensity by WW2 lineage, but not by other two lineages of H. majoris, is higher in male birds compared to female birds. Similarly, we showed that total infection intensities of these three H. majoris lineages (PARUS1 (%) + PHSIB1 (%) + WW2 (%)) are higher in male birds compared to female birds. Our study points that male birds at the community level may be more susceptible to infection by certain parasites than female birds. We propose that sexual dimorphism in infection intensities by certain parasites in host birds might be more common than previously thought, similar to that observed in other species, influencing host population dynamics in a sex-specific manner. Therefore, it can be speculated that infection by certain parasites might differentially effect male and female birds, possibly resulting in a bias in survival rates between sexes due to infections, in certain contexts..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
ResearchSquare.com - (2023) vom: 16. Okt. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Berkel, Caglar [VerfasserIn] |
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| doi: |
10.21203/rs.3.rs-2020407/v1 |
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XRA037246887 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Immunological capability shows a sexual dimorphism in diverse animal species. Females are generally more immunocompetent than males, leading to the higher susceptibility of males to infection compared to females and thus greater infection-related pathology in males. This sex-differences in immunity remains to be understudied in birds. Here, we compared the infection intensities of three different parasite lineages belonging to the morphological species Haemoproteus majoris (namely PARUS1, PHSIB1 and WW2), a widespread blood parasite of birds, in terms of sex in birds species living in a natural community. We found that infection intensity by WW2 lineage, but not by other two lineages of H. majoris, is higher in male birds compared to female birds. Similarly, we showed that total infection intensities of these three H. majoris lineages (PARUS1 (%) + PHSIB1 (%) + WW2 (%)) are higher in male birds compared to female birds. Our study points that male birds at the community level may be more susceptible to infection by certain parasites than female birds. We propose that sexual dimorphism in infection intensities by certain parasites in host birds might be more common than previously thought, similar to that observed in other species, influencing host population dynamics in a sex-specific manner. Therefore, it can be speculated that infection by certain parasites might differentially effect male and female birds, possibly resulting in a bias in survival rates between sexes due to infections, in certain contexts. | ||
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