COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Prospectively Predicts Booster Vaccination Side-effects Six Months Later: Implications of this Psychosomatic Nocebo Component
Abstract The directionality between vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine side-effects was not hitherto examined. Aligned with nocebo effects, vaccine hesitancy to the second Pfizer vaccination dose should predict subsequent side-effects to the booster dose, over and beyond all other effects. Furthermore, consistent with nocebo effects being driven by (mis)information in males, and by prior experience in females, compatible sex differences were predicted. A representative sample of older adults (n = 756, mean age = 68.9 ± 3.43) were questioned in a typical cross-lagged design (wave 1 following the second Pfizer dose, wave 2 after their booster shot). Vaccine hesitancy, side-effect severity and demographics were reported at each wave. All predictions were confirmed. First, only the direction of earlier vaccine hesitancy predicting subsequent booster side-effects was significant, for females (β = 0.10 p = .025, f 2=.02) and males (β = 0.34, p < 0.001, f 2 = .16 ). Second, this effect was stronger in males (χ²Δ (1) = 4.34, p = .03). Third, the autoregression W1-to-W2 side-effect link was stronger in females (β = .34, p < .001), than in males (β = .18, p < .001), χ²Δ (1) = 26.86, p < .001. The data show that a quantifiable and meaningful portion of COVID-19 vaccine side-effects is predicted by prior negative attitudes towards the vaccine (i.e., hesitancy), demonstrating that side-effects comprise a psychosomatic component in vaccinated individuals. The results reveal distinct risk levels for future side-effects and suggest implications for tailoring public health messaging to these psychosomatic effects..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
ResearchSquare.com - (2022) vom: 15. Juni Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2022 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Hoffman, Yaakov S.G. [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [kostenfrei] |
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| doi: |
10.21203/rs.3.rs-1704655/v1 |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XRA036279722 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Prospectively Predicts Booster Vaccination Side-effects Six Months Later: Implications of this Psychosomatic Nocebo Component |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The directionality between vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine side-effects was not hitherto examined. Aligned with nocebo effects, vaccine hesitancy to the second Pfizer vaccination dose should predict subsequent side-effects to the booster dose, over and beyond all other effects. Furthermore, consistent with nocebo effects being driven by (mis)information in males, and by prior experience in females, compatible sex differences were predicted. A representative sample of older adults (n = 756, mean age = 68.9 ± 3.43) were questioned in a typical cross-lagged design (wave 1 following the second Pfizer dose, wave 2 after their booster shot). Vaccine hesitancy, side-effect severity and demographics were reported at each wave. All predictions were confirmed. First, only the direction of earlier vaccine hesitancy predicting subsequent booster side-effects was significant, for females (β = 0.10 p = .025, f 2=.02) and males (β = 0.34, p < 0.001, f 2 = .16 ). Second, this effect was stronger in males (χ²Δ (1) = 4.34, p = .03). Third, the autoregression W1-to-W2 side-effect link was stronger in females (β = .34, p < .001), than in males (β = .18, p < .001), χ²Δ (1) = 26.86, p < .001. The data show that a quantifiable and meaningful portion of COVID-19 vaccine side-effects is predicted by prior negative attitudes towards the vaccine (i.e., hesitancy), demonstrating that side-effects comprise a psychosomatic component in vaccinated individuals. The results reveal distinct risk levels for future side-effects and suggest implications for tailoring public health messaging to these psychosomatic effects. | ||
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