Male-biased stone tool use by wild white-faced capuchins (<i>Cebus capucinus imitator</i>)

Abstract Tool-using primates often show sex differences in both the frequency and efficiency of tool use. In species with sex-biased dispersal, such within-group variation likely shapes patterns of cultural transmission of tool-use traditions between groups. On the Panamanian islands of Jicarón and Coiba, a population of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator)—some of which engage in habitual stone tool use—provide an opportunity to test hypotheses about why such sex-biases arise. On Jicarón, we have only observed males engaging in stone tool use, whereas on Coiba, both sexes are known to use tools. Using 5 years of camera trap data, we show that this variation reflects a true sex difference in tool use rather than a sampling artefact, and then test hypotheses about the factors driving this pattern. Differences in physical ability or risk-aversion, and competition over access to anvils do not account for the sex-differences in tool-use we observe. Our data show that females are physically capable of stone tool use: females on Coiba and juveniles on Jicarón as small and smaller than adult females regularly engage in tool use. Females also have ample opportunity to use tools: the sexes are equally terrestrial, and competition over anvils is low. Finally, females rarely scrounge on left-over food items either during or after tool-using events, suggesting they are not being provisioned by males. Although it remains unclear why white-faced capuchin females on Jicarón do not use stone-tools, our results illustrate that such sex biases in socially learned behaviors can arise even in the absence of obvious physical, environmental and social constraints. This suggests that a much more nuanced understanding of the differences in social structure, diet and dispersal patterns are needed to explain why sex-biases in tool use arise in some populations but not in others..

Medienart:	Preprint

Erscheinungsjahr:	2023
Erschienen:	2023

Enthalten in:	bioRxiv.org - (2023) vom: 11. Sept. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023

Sprache:	Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:	Goldsborough, Zoë [VerfasserIn] Crofoot, Margaret C. [VerfasserIn] Barrett, Brendan J. [VerfasserIn]

Links:	Volltext [kostenfrei]

Themen:	570 Biology

doi:	10.1101/2023.09.04.556228

funding:
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PPN (Katalog-ID):	XBI040744205