Bacterial defences interact synergistically by disrupting phage cooperation
Summary The constant arms race between bacteria and their phages has resulted in a large diversity of bacterial defence systems1,2, with many bacteria carrying several systems3,4. In response, phages often carry counter-defence genes5–9. If and how bacterial defence mechanisms interact to protect against phages with counter-defence genes remains unclear. Here, we report the existence of a novel defence system, coined MADS (Methylation Associated Defence System), which is located in a strongly conserved genomic defence hotspot inPseudomonas aeruginosaand distributed across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We find that the natural co-existence of MADS and a Type IE CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system in the genome ofP. aeruginosaSMC4386 provides synergistic levels of protection against phage DMS3, which carries an anti-CRISPR (acr) gene. Previous work has demonstrated that Acr-phages need to cooperate to overcome CRISPR immunity, with a first sacrificial phage causing host immunosuppression to enable successful secondary phage infections10,11. Modelling and experiments show that the co-existence of MADS and CRISPR-Cas provides strong and durable protection against Acr-phages by disrupting their cooperation and limiting the spread of mutants that overcome MADS. These data reveal that combining bacterial defences can robustly neutralise phage with counter-defence genes, even if each defence on its own can be readily by-passed, which is key to understanding how selection acts on defence combinations and their coevolutionary consequences..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2023) vom: 04. Apr. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Maestri, Alice [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [kostenfrei] |
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| doi: |
10.1101/2023.03.30.534895 |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI039127362 |
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| 520 | |a Summary The constant arms race between bacteria and their phages has resulted in a large diversity of bacterial defence systems1,2, with many bacteria carrying several systems3,4. In response, phages often carry counter-defence genes5–9. If and how bacterial defence mechanisms interact to protect against phages with counter-defence genes remains unclear. Here, we report the existence of a novel defence system, coined MADS (Methylation Associated Defence System), which is located in a strongly conserved genomic defence hotspot inPseudomonas aeruginosaand distributed across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We find that the natural co-existence of MADS and a Type IE CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system in the genome ofP. aeruginosaSMC4386 provides synergistic levels of protection against phage DMS3, which carries an anti-CRISPR (acr) gene. Previous work has demonstrated that Acr-phages need to cooperate to overcome CRISPR immunity, with a first sacrificial phage causing host immunosuppression to enable successful secondary phage infections10,11. Modelling and experiments show that the co-existence of MADS and CRISPR-Cas provides strong and durable protection against Acr-phages by disrupting their cooperation and limiting the spread of mutants that overcome MADS. These data reveal that combining bacterial defences can robustly neutralise phage with counter-defence genes, even if each defence on its own can be readily by-passed, which is key to understanding how selection acts on defence combinations and their coevolutionary consequences. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Pursey, Elizabeth |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chong, Charlotte |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pons, Benoit J. |0 (orcid)0000-0002-9137-1047 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gandon, Sylvain |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Custodio, Rafael |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chisnall, Matthew |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Grasso, Anita |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Paterson, Steve |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Baker, Kate |0 (orcid)0000-0001-5850-1949 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Houte, Stineke van |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chevallereau, Anne |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Westra, Edze R. |4 aut | |
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