SARS-CoV-2 convalescence and hybrid immunity elicits mucosal immune responses
Abstract Mucosal antibodies play a key role in the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper respiratory tract, and potentially in limiting virus replication and therefore onward transmission. While systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is well understood, little is known about the antibodies present on the nasal mucosal surfaces.In this study, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 mucosal antibodies in response to infection, vaccination, or a combination of both. Paired nasal fluid and serum samples were collected from 136 individuals, which include convalescent, vaccinated, or breakthrough infections.We detected a high correlation between IgG responses in serum and nasal fluids, which were higher in both compartments in vaccinated compared to convalescent participants. Contrary, nasal and systemic SARS-CoV-2 IgA responses were weakly correlated, indicating a compartmentalization between the local and systemic IgA responses. SARS-CoV-2 secretory component IgA (s-IgA) antibodies, present exclusively on mucosal surfaces, were detected in the nasal fluid only in a minority of vaccinated subjects and were significantly higher in previously infected individuals. s-IgA binding antibodies showed significant correlation with neutralizing activity of nasal fluids against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral B.1 and Omicron-BA.5 variant, indicating that s-IgA is the crucial contributor to neutralization in the nasal mucosa. Neutralization against both SARS-CoV-2 strains was higher in the mucosa of subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to vaccinated participants.In summary, we demonstrate that currently available vaccines elicit strong systemic antibody responses, but SARS-CoV-2 infection generates more potent binding and neutralizing mucosal antibodies. Our results support the importance to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that elicit mucosal antibodies.One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 infection or combination of infection and vaccination (hybrid immunity) elicit binding and functional mucosal antibody responses superior of those after systemic vaccination..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2024) vom: 23. Apr. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2024 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Puhach, Olha [VerfasserIn] |
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| doi: |
10.1101/2023.03.24.23287677 |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI039055485 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Mucosal antibodies play a key role in the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper respiratory tract, and potentially in limiting virus replication and therefore onward transmission. While systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is well understood, little is known about the antibodies present on the nasal mucosal surfaces.In this study, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 mucosal antibodies in response to infection, vaccination, or a combination of both. Paired nasal fluid and serum samples were collected from 136 individuals, which include convalescent, vaccinated, or breakthrough infections.We detected a high correlation between IgG responses in serum and nasal fluids, which were higher in both compartments in vaccinated compared to convalescent participants. Contrary, nasal and systemic SARS-CoV-2 IgA responses were weakly correlated, indicating a compartmentalization between the local and systemic IgA responses. SARS-CoV-2 secretory component IgA (s-IgA) antibodies, present exclusively on mucosal surfaces, were detected in the nasal fluid only in a minority of vaccinated subjects and were significantly higher in previously infected individuals. s-IgA binding antibodies showed significant correlation with neutralizing activity of nasal fluids against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral B.1 and Omicron-BA.5 variant, indicating that s-IgA is the crucial contributor to neutralization in the nasal mucosa. Neutralization against both SARS-CoV-2 strains was higher in the mucosa of subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to vaccinated participants.In summary, we demonstrate that currently available vaccines elicit strong systemic antibody responses, but SARS-CoV-2 infection generates more potent binding and neutralizing mucosal antibodies. Our results support the importance to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that elicit mucosal antibodies.One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 infection or combination of infection and vaccination (hybrid immunity) elicit binding and functional mucosal antibody responses superior of those after systemic vaccination. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Adea, Kenneth |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bekliz, Meriem |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hosszu-Fellous, Krisztina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sattonnet, Pascale |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Eckerle, Isabella |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Meyer, Benjamin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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