Influenza A H1N1–mediated pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 predicts COVID-19 outbreak dynamics
Abstract Background Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic and mild infections in most, to deadly outcome in few. This individual difference in susceptibility and outcome could be mediated by a cross protective pre-immunity, but the nature of this pre-immunity has remained elusive.Methods Antibody epitope sequence similarities and cross-reactive T cell peptides were searched for between SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. We established an ELISA test, a Luminex Multiplex bead array assay and a T cell assay to test for presence of identified peptide specific immunity in blood from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative individuals. Mathematical modelling tested if SARS-CoV-2 outbreak dynamics could be predicted.Findings We found that peptide specific antibodies induced by influenza A H1N1 (flu) strains cross react with the most critical receptor binding motif of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with the ACE2 receptor. About 55–73% of COVID-19 negative blood donors in Stockholm had detectable antibodies to this peptide, NGVEGF, in the early pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic, and seasonal flu vaccination trended to enhance SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell immunity to this peptide. Twelve identified flu/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cell peptides could mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 in 40–71% of individuals, depending on their HLA type. Mathematical modelling taking pre-immunity into account could fully predict pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.Interpretation The presence of a specific cross-immunity between Influenza A H1N1 strains and SARS-CoV-2 provides mechanistic explanations to the epidemiological observations that influenza vaccination protects people against SARS-CoV-2 infection..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2023) vom: 14. Nov. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Almazán, Nerea Martín [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [kostenfrei] |
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| doi: |
10.1101/2021.12.23.21268321 |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI037161024 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Background Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic and mild infections in most, to deadly outcome in few. This individual difference in susceptibility and outcome could be mediated by a cross protective pre-immunity, but the nature of this pre-immunity has remained elusive.Methods Antibody epitope sequence similarities and cross-reactive T cell peptides were searched for between SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. We established an ELISA test, a Luminex Multiplex bead array assay and a T cell assay to test for presence of identified peptide specific immunity in blood from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative individuals. Mathematical modelling tested if SARS-CoV-2 outbreak dynamics could be predicted.Findings We found that peptide specific antibodies induced by influenza A H1N1 (flu) strains cross react with the most critical receptor binding motif of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with the ACE2 receptor. About 55–73% of COVID-19 negative blood donors in Stockholm had detectable antibodies to this peptide, NGVEGF, in the early pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic, and seasonal flu vaccination trended to enhance SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell immunity to this peptide. Twelve identified flu/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cell peptides could mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 in 40–71% of individuals, depending on their HLA type. Mathematical modelling taking pre-immunity into account could fully predict pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.Interpretation The presence of a specific cross-immunity between Influenza A H1N1 strains and SARS-CoV-2 provides mechanistic explanations to the epidemiological observations that influenza vaccination protects people against SARS-CoV-2 infection. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Rönnberg, Bengt |4 aut | |
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