Anti-spike antibody response to natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its activity against emerging variants

Abstract The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has substantially impacted human health globally. Spike-specific antibody response plays a major role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we demonstrated that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits rapid and robust spike-binding and ACE2-blocking antibody responses, which wane approximately 11 months after infection. Serological responses were found to be correlated with the frequency of spike-specific memory B cell responses to natural infections. Further, significantly higher spike-binding, ACE2-blocking, and memory B cell responses were detected in patients with fever and pneumonia. Spike-specific antibody responses were found to be greatly affected by spike mutations in emerging variants, especially the Beta and Omicron variants. These results warrant continued surveillance of spike-specific antibody responses to natural infections and highlight the importance of maintaining functional anti-spike antibodies through immunization.Importance As spike protein-specific antibody responses play a major role in protection against SARS-CoV-2, we examined the spike-binding and ACE2-blocking antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection at different time points. We found robust responses following acute infection, which waned approximately 11 months after infection. Further, the serological responses were correlated with the frequency of spike-specific memory B cell responses to natural infections. Patients with fever and pneumonia showed significantly stronger spike-binding, ACE2-blocking antibody, and memory B cell responses. Moreover, the spike-specific antibody responses were substantially affected by the emerging variants, especially the Beta and Omicron variants. These results warrant continued surveillance of spike-specific antibody responses to natural infections and highlight the importance of maintaining functional anti-spike antibodies through immunization..

Medienart:	Preprint

Erscheinungsjahr:	2022
Erschienen:	2022

Enthalten in:	bioRxiv.org - (2022) vom: 28. Okt. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2022

Sprache:	Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:	Chen, Cheng-Pin [VerfasserIn] Huang, Kuan-Ying A. [VerfasserIn] Shih, Shin-Ru [VerfasserIn] Lin, Yi-Chun [VerfasserIn] Cheng, Chien-Yu [VerfasserIn] Huang, Yhu-Chering [VerfasserIn] Lin, Tzou-Yien [VerfasserIn] Cheng, Shu-Hsing [VerfasserIn]

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Themen:	570 Biology

doi:	10.1101/2022.03.07.481737

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PPN (Katalog-ID):	XBI035451491