Changes in dispensing of medicines proposed for re-purposing in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Abstract Objective We quantified changes in dispensing of common medicines proposed for “re-purposing” due to their perceived benefits as therapeutic or preventive for COVID-19 in Australia, a country with relatively low COVID-19 incidence in the first year of the pandemic.Methods We performed an interrupted time series analysis and cross-sectional study using nationwide dispensing claims data (January 2017-November 2020). We focused on six subsidised medicines proposed for re-purposing: hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, colchicine, corticosteroids, and calcitriol (Vitamin D analogue). We quantified changes in monthly dispensing and initiation trends during COVID-19 (March-November 2020) using autoregressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA) and compared characteristics of initiators in 2020 and 2019.Results In March 2020, we observed a 99% (95%CI 96%-103%) increase in hydroxychloroquine dispensing (of which approximately 22% attributable to new use), and a 199% increase (95%CI 184%-213%) in initiation, with a shift towards prescribing by general practitioners (42% in 2020 vs 25% in 2019) rather than specialists. These increases subsided following regulatory restrictions on prescribing to relevant specialties. There was a small but sustained increase in ivermectin dispensing over multiple months, with a 80% (95%CI 42%-118%) increase in initiation in May 2020 following its first identification as potentially disease-modifying in April. Other than increases in March related to stockpiling, we observed no increases in initiation of calcitriol or colchicine during COVID-19. Dispensing of corticosteroids and azithromycin remained lower than expected in April through November 2020.Conclusions While most increases in dispensing observed early on during COVID-19 were temporary and appear to be related to stockpiling among existing users, we did observed increases in initiation of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin and a shift in prescribing patterns which may be related to media hype around these medicines. A quick response by regulators can help limit inappropriate repurposing to lessen the impact on medicine supply and patient harms..
Medienart: |
Preprint |
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Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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Erschienen: |
2022 |
Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2022) vom: 14. März Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2022 |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
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Beteiligte Personen: |
Schaffer, Andrea L [VerfasserIn] |
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Links: |
Volltext [kostenfrei] |
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doi: |
10.1101/2021.09.26.21264150 |
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funding: |
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Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI032675577 |
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520 | |a Abstract Objective We quantified changes in dispensing of common medicines proposed for “re-purposing” due to their perceived benefits as therapeutic or preventive for COVID-19 in Australia, a country with relatively low COVID-19 incidence in the first year of the pandemic.Methods We performed an interrupted time series analysis and cross-sectional study using nationwide dispensing claims data (January 2017-November 2020). We focused on six subsidised medicines proposed for re-purposing: hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, colchicine, corticosteroids, and calcitriol (Vitamin D analogue). We quantified changes in monthly dispensing and initiation trends during COVID-19 (March-November 2020) using autoregressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA) and compared characteristics of initiators in 2020 and 2019.Results In March 2020, we observed a 99% (95%CI 96%-103%) increase in hydroxychloroquine dispensing (of which approximately 22% attributable to new use), and a 199% increase (95%CI 184%-213%) in initiation, with a shift towards prescribing by general practitioners (42% in 2020 vs 25% in 2019) rather than specialists. These increases subsided following regulatory restrictions on prescribing to relevant specialties. There was a small but sustained increase in ivermectin dispensing over multiple months, with a 80% (95%CI 42%-118%) increase in initiation in May 2020 following its first identification as potentially disease-modifying in April. Other than increases in March related to stockpiling, we observed no increases in initiation of calcitriol or colchicine during COVID-19. Dispensing of corticosteroids and azithromycin remained lower than expected in April through November 2020.Conclusions While most increases in dispensing observed early on during COVID-19 were temporary and appear to be related to stockpiling among existing users, we did observed increases in initiation of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin and a shift in prescribing patterns which may be related to media hype around these medicines. A quick response by regulators can help limit inappropriate repurposing to lessen the impact on medicine supply and patient harms. | ||
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