Density dependent interactions during growth mask the effect of interactions during flowering in pollinator-sharing annual plants
Abstract Density dependent interactions are fundamental to community ecology, but studies often reduce the complex nature of species interactions. In plant ecology, interactions during vegetative growth and flowering are often considered separately, though both can affect reproductive output. Here we use communities of annual flowering plants in the genusClarkiato ask how interactions during growth and flowering contribute to density dependence in plant seed production, and if pollinator behaviors explain apparent patterns in plant interactions during flowering. We measure seed set (seed number per ovule) and total fecundity (whole-plant seed production) ofClarkiafocal plants in experimental interaction plots with the effect of pollinators experimentally removed through supplemental pollination or retained. We also observe pollinator behaviors in the plots and experimental arrays to document pollinator preference, constancy and joint attraction. During flowering, pollinators significantly changed the density dependent effects ofClarkiainteractions on seed set in 31% of species interactions, and these changes corresponded to pollinator behaviors. Total fecundity, however, did not depend on interactions betweenClarkia; instead, earlier-flowering, non-Clarkiaforbs limited total fecundity. Our study shows that interactions during vegetative growth can preclude the effect of pollinator- mediated interactions on fecundity by limiting potential reproductive output. Simultaneously studying different types of species interactions allows for understanding the contingency of ecological outcomes..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2023) vom: 01. Nov. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
James, Aubrie R. M. [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [kostenfrei] |
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| doi: |
10.1101/2021.03.31.437969 |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI020286198 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Density dependent interactions during growth mask the effect of interactions during flowering in pollinator-sharing annual plants |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Density dependent interactions are fundamental to community ecology, but studies often reduce the complex nature of species interactions. In plant ecology, interactions during vegetative growth and flowering are often considered separately, though both can affect reproductive output. Here we use communities of annual flowering plants in the genusClarkiato ask how interactions during growth and flowering contribute to density dependence in plant seed production, and if pollinator behaviors explain apparent patterns in plant interactions during flowering. We measure seed set (seed number per ovule) and total fecundity (whole-plant seed production) ofClarkiafocal plants in experimental interaction plots with the effect of pollinators experimentally removed through supplemental pollination or retained. We also observe pollinator behaviors in the plots and experimental arrays to document pollinator preference, constancy and joint attraction. During flowering, pollinators significantly changed the density dependent effects ofClarkiainteractions on seed set in 31% of species interactions, and these changes corresponded to pollinator behaviors. Total fecundity, however, did not depend on interactions betweenClarkia; instead, earlier-flowering, non-Clarkiaforbs limited total fecundity. Our study shows that interactions during vegetative growth can preclude the effect of pollinator- mediated interactions on fecundity by limiting potential reproductive output. Simultaneously studying different types of species interactions allows for understanding the contingency of ecological outcomes. | ||
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