SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses are lower in children and increase with age and time after infection
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection of children leads to a mild illness and the immunological differences with adults remains unclear. We quantified the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in adults and children (<13 years of age) with RT-PCR confirmed asymptomatic and symptomatic infection for long-term memory, phenotype and polyfunctional cytokines. Acute and memory CD4+T cell responses to structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins significantly increased with age, whilst CD8+T cell responses increased with time post infection. Infected children had significantly lower CD4+and CD8+T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 structural and ORF1ab proteins compared to infected adults. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+T cell responses were comparable in magnitude to uninfected negative adult controls. In infected adults CD4+T cell specificity was skewed towards structural peptides, whilst children had increased contribution of ORF1ab responses. This may reflect differing T cell compartmentalisation for antigen processing during antigen exposure or lower recruitment of memory populations. T cell polyfunctional cytokine production was comparable between children and adults, but children had a lower proportion of SARS-CoV-2 CD4+T cell effector memory. Compared to adults, children had significantly lower levels of antibodies to β-coronaviruses, indicating differing baseline immunity. Total T follicular helper responses was increased in children during acute infection indicating rapid co-ordination of the T and B cell responses. However total monocyte responses were reduced in children which may be reflective of differing levels of inflammation between children and adults. Therefore, reduced prior β-coronavirus immunity and reduced activation and recruitment ofde novoresponses in children may drive milder COVID-19 pathogenesis..
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Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2022) vom: 15. Dez. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2022 |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Cohen, Carolyn A [VerfasserIn] |
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| doi: |
10.1101/2021.02.02.21250988 |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI019886470 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses are lower in children and increase with age and time after infection |
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| 520 | |a Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection of children leads to a mild illness and the immunological differences with adults remains unclear. We quantified the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in adults and children (<13 years of age) with RT-PCR confirmed asymptomatic and symptomatic infection for long-term memory, phenotype and polyfunctional cytokines. Acute and memory CD4+T cell responses to structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins significantly increased with age, whilst CD8+T cell responses increased with time post infection. Infected children had significantly lower CD4+and CD8+T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 structural and ORF1ab proteins compared to infected adults. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+T cell responses were comparable in magnitude to uninfected negative adult controls. In infected adults CD4+T cell specificity was skewed towards structural peptides, whilst children had increased contribution of ORF1ab responses. This may reflect differing T cell compartmentalisation for antigen processing during antigen exposure or lower recruitment of memory populations. T cell polyfunctional cytokine production was comparable between children and adults, but children had a lower proportion of SARS-CoV-2 CD4+T cell effector memory. Compared to adults, children had significantly lower levels of antibodies to β-coronaviruses, indicating differing baseline immunity. Total T follicular helper responses was increased in children during acute infection indicating rapid co-ordination of the T and B cell responses. However total monocyte responses were reduced in children which may be reflective of differing levels of inflammation between children and adults. Therefore, reduced prior β-coronavirus immunity and reduced activation and recruitment ofde novoresponses in children may drive milder COVID-19 pathogenesis. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Hachim, Asmaa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hui, David SC |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kwan, Mike YW |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tsang, Owen TY |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chiu, Susan S |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chan, Wai Hung |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yau, Yat Sun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kavian, Niloufar |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ma, Fionn NL |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lau, Eric HY |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cheng, Samuel MS |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Poon, Leo LM |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Peiris, JS Malik |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Valkenburg, Sophie A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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