The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities
Summary It is a broadly observed pattern that the non-recombining regions of sex-limited chromosomes (Y and W) accumulate more repeats than the rest of the genome, even in species like birds with a low genome-wide repeat content. Here we show that in birds with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the W chromosome has a transposable element (TE) density of >55% compared to the genome-wide density of <10%, and contains over half of all full-length (thus potentially active) endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) of the entire genome. Using RNA-seq and protein mass spectrometry data, we were able to detect signatures of female-specific ERV expression. We hypothesise that the avian W chromosome acts as a refugium for active ERVs, likely leading to female-biased mutational load that may influence female physiology similar to the “toxic-Y” effect inDrosophila. Furthermore, Haldane’s rule predicts that the heterogametic sex has reduced fertility in hybrids. We propose that the excess of W-linked active ERVs over the rest of the genome may be an additional explanatory variable for Haldane’s rule, with consequences for genetic incompatibilities between species through TE/repressor mismatches in hybrids. Together, our results suggest that the sequence content of female-specific W chromosomes can have effects far beyond sex determination and gene dosage..
| Medienart: |
|
|---|
Preprint| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
bioRxiv.org - (2022) vom: 05. Nov. Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2022 |
|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Peona, Valentina [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1101/2020.07.31.230854 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
XBI018475205 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | XBI018475205 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20230429095611.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 200803s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1101/2020.07.31.230854 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)XBI018475205 | ||
| 035 | |a (biorXiv)10.1101/2020.07.31.230854 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Peona, Valentina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2022 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a Summary It is a broadly observed pattern that the non-recombining regions of sex-limited chromosomes (Y and W) accumulate more repeats than the rest of the genome, even in species like birds with a low genome-wide repeat content. Here we show that in birds with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the W chromosome has a transposable element (TE) density of >55% compared to the genome-wide density of <10%, and contains over half of all full-length (thus potentially active) endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) of the entire genome. Using RNA-seq and protein mass spectrometry data, we were able to detect signatures of female-specific ERV expression. We hypothesise that the avian W chromosome acts as a refugium for active ERVs, likely leading to female-biased mutational load that may influence female physiology similar to the “toxic-Y” effect inDrosophila. Furthermore, Haldane’s rule predicts that the heterogametic sex has reduced fertility in hybrids. We propose that the excess of W-linked active ERVs over the rest of the genome may be an additional explanatory variable for Haldane’s rule, with consequences for genetic incompatibilities between species through TE/repressor mismatches in hybrids. Together, our results suggest that the sequence content of female-specific W chromosomes can have effects far beyond sex determination and gene dosage. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Biology |7 (dpeaa)DE-84 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 570 |7 (dpeaa)DE-84 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Palacios-Gimenez, Octavio M. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Blommaert, Julie |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Jing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Haryoko, Tri |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jønsson, Knud A. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Irestedt, Martin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhou, Qi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jern, Patric |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Suh, Alexander |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t bioRxiv.org |g (2022) vom: 05. Nov. |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g year:2022 |g day:05 |g month:11 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0186 |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.230854 |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_XBI | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OLC-PHA | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |j 2022 |b 05 |c 11 | ||