Omicron‐induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection
Abstract Recent findings in permanent cell lines suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 induces a stronger interferon response than Delta. Here, we show that BA.1 and BA.5 but not Delta induce an antiviral state in air‐liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells and primary human monocytes. Both Omicron subvariants caused the production of biologically active types I (α/β) and III (λ) interferons and protected cells from super‐infection with influenza A viruses. Notably, abortive Omicron infection of monocytes was sufficient to protect monocytes from influenza A virus infection. Interestingly, while influenza‐like illnesses surged during the Delta wave in England, their spread rapidly declined upon the emergence of Omicron. Mechanistically, Omicron‐induced interferon signaling was mediated via double‐stranded RNA recognition by MDA5, as MDA5 knockout prevented it. The JAK/STAT inhibitor baricitinib inhibited the Omicron‐mediated antiviral response, suggesting it is caused by MDA5‐mediated interferon production, which activates interferon receptors that then trigger JAK/STAT signaling. In conclusion, our study (1) demonstrates that only Omicron but not Delta induces a substantial interferon response in physiologically relevant models, (2) shows that Omicron infection protects cells from influenza A virus super‐infection, and (3) indicates that BA.1 and BA.5 induce comparable antiviral states..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:95 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Journal of Medical Virology - 95(2023), 3 |
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Bojkova, Denisa [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. |
|---|
| Umfang: |
17 |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1002/jmv.28686 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
WLY016195612 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | WLY016195612 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231111175748.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231111s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||und c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1002/jmv.28686 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a 2023-11-11_JMV_2023_95_3.zip.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)WLY016195612 | ||
| 035 | |a (WILEY)JMV28686 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Bojkova, Denisa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Omicron‐induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 300 | |a 17 | ||
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. | ||
| 520 | |a Abstract Recent findings in permanent cell lines suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 induces a stronger interferon response than Delta. Here, we show that BA.1 and BA.5 but not Delta induce an antiviral state in air‐liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells and primary human monocytes. Both Omicron subvariants caused the production of biologically active types I (α/β) and III (λ) interferons and protected cells from super‐infection with influenza A viruses. Notably, abortive Omicron infection of monocytes was sufficient to protect monocytes from influenza A virus infection. Interestingly, while influenza‐like illnesses surged during the Delta wave in England, their spread rapidly declined upon the emergence of Omicron. Mechanistically, Omicron‐induced interferon signaling was mediated via double‐stranded RNA recognition by MDA5, as MDA5 knockout prevented it. The JAK/STAT inhibitor baricitinib inhibited the Omicron‐mediated antiviral response, suggesting it is caused by MDA5‐mediated interferon production, which activates interferon receptors that then trigger JAK/STAT signaling. In conclusion, our study (1) demonstrates that only Omicron but not Delta induces a substantial interferon response in physiologically relevant models, (2) shows that Omicron infection protects cells from influenza A virus super‐infection, and (3) indicates that BA.1 and BA.5 induce comparable antiviral states. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Bechtel, Marco |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rothenburger, Tamara |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kandler, Joshua D. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hayes, Lauren |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Olmer, Ruth |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Martin, Ulrich |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jonigk, Danny |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ciesek, Sandra |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wass, Mark N. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Michaelis, Martin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cinatl, Jindrich jr. |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Journal of Medical Virology |g 95(2023), 3 |w (DE-627)WLY008980918 |x 10969071 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:95 |g year:2023 |g number:3 |g extent:17 |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_WLY | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 95 |j 2023 |e 3 |g 17 | ||