The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development
Abstract Antiandrogenic effect of phthalates have been reported; however, results regarding the effect of phthalate exposure in pubertal children have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalate exposure and pubertal development, especially whether high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP) and low molecular weight phthalates (LMWP) are differently associated in boys and girls. Urinary phthalate metabolites (4 HMWPs and 3 LMWPs) in Korean children (236 boys and 202 girls, aged 10 to 12 years) were measured. The association between phthalate levels and pubertal development (pubertal stages self-reported by parents and sex steroid levels) was analyzed by generalized linear regression after adjusting for age, body mass index z score, and premature birth and/or low birth weight. Both the highest quartile of HMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.090–0.627; p = 0.004) and LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.151–0.918; p = 0.032) were inversely associated with pubertal stages in boys, whereas the highest quartile of LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 2.431; 95% CI, 1.024–5.768; p = 0.044) was significantly related to advanced pubertal stages in girls. Testosterone levels in boys were significantly lower at the highest quartile of HMWP (adjusted β = − 0.251; 95% CI, − 0.476 to − 0.027; p = 0.028). However, in girls, we could not find any significant relationship between HMWP or LMWP and estradiol levels. Conclusions: Our results suggest that phthalate exposure, especially exposure to the HMWP, may have inverse association with male pubertal development. Further investigation is required to verify the relationship of phthalate exposure and pubertal development in girls. What is Known:• Exposure to phthalates may have antiandrogenic effects.• Studies on the association between phthalates and pubertal development have yielded inconsistent results.What is New:• Phthalate levels were inversely associated with self-reported pubertal stages in boys.• Exposure to phthalates might have a negative influence on male pubertal development..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:183 |
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| Enthalten in: |
European journal of pediatrics - 183(2024), 4 vom: 11. Jan., Seite 1675-1682 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Kim, Mi Ra [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| Anmerkungen: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s00431-023-05416-z |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Antiandrogenic effect of phthalates have been reported; however, results regarding the effect of phthalate exposure in pubertal children have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalate exposure and pubertal development, especially whether high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP) and low molecular weight phthalates (LMWP) are differently associated in boys and girls. Urinary phthalate metabolites (4 HMWPs and 3 LMWPs) in Korean children (236 boys and 202 girls, aged 10 to 12 years) were measured. The association between phthalate levels and pubertal development (pubertal stages self-reported by parents and sex steroid levels) was analyzed by generalized linear regression after adjusting for age, body mass index z score, and premature birth and/or low birth weight. Both the highest quartile of HMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.090–0.627; p = 0.004) and LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.151–0.918; p = 0.032) were inversely associated with pubertal stages in boys, whereas the highest quartile of LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 2.431; 95% CI, 1.024–5.768; p = 0.044) was significantly related to advanced pubertal stages in girls. Testosterone levels in boys were significantly lower at the highest quartile of HMWP (adjusted β = − 0.251; 95% CI, − 0.476 to − 0.027; p = 0.028). However, in girls, we could not find any significant relationship between HMWP or LMWP and estradiol levels. Conclusions: Our results suggest that phthalate exposure, especially exposure to the HMWP, may have inverse association with male pubertal development. Further investigation is required to verify the relationship of phthalate exposure and pubertal development in girls. What is Known:• Exposure to phthalates may have antiandrogenic effects.• Studies on the association between phthalates and pubertal development have yielded inconsistent results.What is New:• Phthalate levels were inversely associated with self-reported pubertal stages in boys.• Exposure to phthalates might have a negative influence on male pubertal development. | ||
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