Biochar increases pakchoi yield by regulating soil bacterial communities but reduces it through soil fungi in vegetable soil
Purpose Biochar has been proven to mitigate the detrimental impacts on the high use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on vegetable yield by influencing the microbial community, but the impacts on the microbial pathway of biochar remain unclear. Methods A pot experiment of pakchoi was conducted with eight treatments, including normal level (100 mg N $ kg^{−1} $: N1) and high level (200 mg N $ kg^{−1} $: N2) of N fertilizer treatments, as well as four biochar levels (0%: B0, 0.5% w/w: B05, 1% w/w: B1, and 2% w/w: B2) to determine its practical effects. Results High nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced pakchoi yield. Biochar increased the pakchoi yield by 13.46–55.76% at N1 and 53.3–75.56% at N2, but the effect of the application of biochar on pakchoi yield rates was not significant. The bacterial and fungal diversity was significantly increased by biochar but was decreased by high N in vegetable soil. Soil bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, while soil fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer all changed the bacterial and fungal community composition. Conclusions Biochar enhanced the pakchoi yield through regulated bacterial communities, but the regulatory pathways vary under different N levels. It enhanced the prevalence of beneficial species involved in disease suppression and supported the soil organic matter degradation, thereby resulting in increased vegetable yield at N1. It increased the abundance of eutrophic species, which were related to the available nutrients in the soil and its retention capacity to improve the yield at N2. It was noteworthy that biochar could increase the risk of vegetable yield reduction by reduction of nutrient cycling phylum and enhancement of soil-borne plant pathogens at a higher nitrogen level..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:24 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of soils and sediments - 24(2024), 3 vom: 01. Feb., Seite 1348-1360 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Zhong, Lei [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| BKL: | |
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| Themen: |
Agroecosystem |
| Anmerkungen: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s11368-024-03733-w |
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| funding: |
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| 520 | |a Purpose Biochar has been proven to mitigate the detrimental impacts on the high use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on vegetable yield by influencing the microbial community, but the impacts on the microbial pathway of biochar remain unclear. Methods A pot experiment of pakchoi was conducted with eight treatments, including normal level (100 mg N $ kg^{−1} $: N1) and high level (200 mg N $ kg^{−1} $: N2) of N fertilizer treatments, as well as four biochar levels (0%: B0, 0.5% w/w: B05, 1% w/w: B1, and 2% w/w: B2) to determine its practical effects. Results High nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced pakchoi yield. Biochar increased the pakchoi yield by 13.46–55.76% at N1 and 53.3–75.56% at N2, but the effect of the application of biochar on pakchoi yield rates was not significant. The bacterial and fungal diversity was significantly increased by biochar but was decreased by high N in vegetable soil. Soil bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, while soil fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer all changed the bacterial and fungal community composition. Conclusions Biochar enhanced the pakchoi yield through regulated bacterial communities, but the regulatory pathways vary under different N levels. It enhanced the prevalence of beneficial species involved in disease suppression and supported the soil organic matter degradation, thereby resulting in increased vegetable yield at N1. It increased the abundance of eutrophic species, which were related to the available nutrients in the soil and its retention capacity to improve the yield at N2. It was noteworthy that biochar could increase the risk of vegetable yield reduction by reduction of nutrient cycling phylum and enhancement of soil-borne plant pathogens at a higher nitrogen level. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Biochar |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Gaoyuan |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xiao, Hui |4 aut | |
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