Deterministic health risk assessment, spatial analysis and hydrochemical assessment to toxic fluoride in groundwater of Dhar District, M.P, India
Abstract Fluoride contamination in India’s groundwater is nowadays widespread, with serious health consequences. We collected 205 water samples from both rural and urban areas of the Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh, India, to determine fluoride concentrations in drinking water supplies. According to the hydrochemical data, most values are over the acceptable limit of drinking water standards. Fluoride concentration in the Dhar district vary from 0.01 to 4.75 mg/L, including a mean of 0.50 mg/L. The health risk assessment by fluoride contamination was calculated using estimated daily intake (EDI) and the hazard quotient (HQ). Adults have a variation in EDI and HQ of 0.00–0.15 and 0.01–2.54 mg/kg/day, respectively. Teenagers have a variation of 0.00–0.19 and 0.01–2.17 mg/kg/day, children have a variation of 0.00–0.27 and 0.01–4.49 mg/kg/day, and infants have a variation of 0.00–0.04 mg/kg/day. Our studies revealed that among hydrochemical types in the Dhar district are mostly of $ Ca^{2+} $–$ HCO_{3} $¯ and $ Ca^{2+} $–Cl¯ types, whereas samples with $ HCO_{3} $¯–$ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2¯–Cl¯–$ Na^{+} $ have high fluoride content. The characteristics of groundwater in Dhar are dominated by weathering of rocks. Proper groundwater monitoring and mitigation are thus required in the research region to protect residents from various diseases associated with drinking water with different fluoride levels. Using appropriate treatment technologies to reduce or remediate fluoride from drinking water, such as adsorption and electrocoagulation, would lessen the health hazards associated with groundwater fluoride exposure..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:21 |
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| Enthalten in: |
International journal of environmental science and technology - 21(2023), 6 vom: 16. Dez., Seite 5529-5542 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Singh, A. [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| Themen: |
GIS |
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| Anmerkungen: |
© The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s13762-023-05359-w |
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SPR054755360 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Fluoride contamination in India’s groundwater is nowadays widespread, with serious health consequences. We collected 205 water samples from both rural and urban areas of the Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh, India, to determine fluoride concentrations in drinking water supplies. According to the hydrochemical data, most values are over the acceptable limit of drinking water standards. Fluoride concentration in the Dhar district vary from 0.01 to 4.75 mg/L, including a mean of 0.50 mg/L. The health risk assessment by fluoride contamination was calculated using estimated daily intake (EDI) and the hazard quotient (HQ). Adults have a variation in EDI and HQ of 0.00–0.15 and 0.01–2.54 mg/kg/day, respectively. Teenagers have a variation of 0.00–0.19 and 0.01–2.17 mg/kg/day, children have a variation of 0.00–0.27 and 0.01–4.49 mg/kg/day, and infants have a variation of 0.00–0.04 mg/kg/day. Our studies revealed that among hydrochemical types in the Dhar district are mostly of $ Ca^{2+} $–$ HCO_{3} $¯ and $ Ca^{2+} $–Cl¯ types, whereas samples with $ HCO_{3} $¯–$ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2¯–Cl¯–$ Na^{+} $ have high fluoride content. The characteristics of groundwater in Dhar are dominated by weathering of rocks. Proper groundwater monitoring and mitigation are thus required in the research region to protect residents from various diseases associated with drinking water with different fluoride levels. Using appropriate treatment technologies to reduce or remediate fluoride from drinking water, such as adsorption and electrocoagulation, would lessen the health hazards associated with groundwater fluoride exposure. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Health risk assessment |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hydrochemical assessment |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GIS |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Groundwater fluoride |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Gupta, D. K. |4 aut | |
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