Complications of Spinal Cord Stimulators—A Comprehensive Review Article

Purpose of Review Spinal cord stimulation has been increasing in influence as an option to regulate pain, especially in the chronic pain patient population. However, even with the numerous changes made to this technology since its inception, it is still prone to various complications such as hardware issues, neurological injury/epidural hematoma, infections, and other biological concerns. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly review and evaluate literature pertaining to the complications associated with percutaneous spinal cord stimulation. Recent Findings Lead migration is generally the most common complication of percutaneous spinal cord stimulation; however, recent utilization of various anchoring techniques has been discussed and experienced clinical success in decreasing the prevalence of lead migration and lead fractures. With newer high-frequency systems gaining traction to improve pain management and decrease complications as compared to traditional systems, rechargeable implantable pulse generators have been the preferred power source. However, recent findings may suggest that these rechargeable implantable pulse generators do not significantly increase battery life as much as was proposed. Intraoperative neuromonitoring has seen success in mitigating neurological injury postoperatively and may see more usage in the future through more testing. Though the occurrence of infection and biological complications, including dural puncture and skin erosion, has been less frequent over time, they should still be treated in accordance with established protocols. Summary While many complications can arise following percutaneous spinal cord stimulator implantation, the procedure is less invasive than open implantation and has seen largely positive patient feedback. Hardware complications, the more common issues that can occur, rarely indicate a serious risk and can generally be remedied through reoperation. However, less common cases such as neurological injury, infections, and biological complications require prompt diagnosis to improve the condition of the patient and prevent significant damage..

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2023

Erschienen:

2023

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:28

Enthalten in:

Current Review of Pain - 28(2023), 1 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 1-9

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Koushik, Sarang S. [VerfasserIn]
Raghavan, Jagun [VerfasserIn]
Saranathan, Shreya [VerfasserIn]
Slinchenkova, Kateryna [VerfasserIn]
Viswanath, Omar [VerfasserIn]
Shaparin, Naum [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext [lizenzpflichtig]

Themen:

Dural puncture
Epidural hematoma
Hardware complications
Infection
Lead migration
Percutaneous spinal cord stimulation

Anmerkungen:

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

doi:

10.1007/s11916-023-01178-3

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

SPR054640717