Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Abstract Healthy females and males differ in their immune cell composition and function and females generally mount stronger immune response than males and are much more susceptible to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Females differ from males in sex hormones, and X-chromosome genes. Sex hormones affect immune cells and responses, and may induce epigenetic DNA changes. The importance of X-chromosome genes is exemplified in men with the Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) who have an additional X-chromosome and develop systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) as frequently as women. X-chromosome contains genes critical for the immune response, such as FOXP3, toll-like receptor(TLR)7, TLR8, CD40 Ligand, IL2RG, IL9R, BTK, and others. Whereas one X-chromosome in females is randomly inactivated early in embryonic development, around 25% of X-linked genes escape inactivation and result in more X-linked gene dosage in females. We use two key female-biased autoimmune rheumatic diseases, SLE and systemic sclerosis, to review differences in immune response, and clinical manifestations between females and males. The inclusion of sex variable in research will facilitate precision medicine and optimal patient outcome..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:44 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Rheumatology international - 44(2023), 2 vom: 16. Sept., Seite 203-209 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Sakkas, Lazaros I. [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
|---|
| Themen: |
Bias |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023 |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1007/s00296-023-05446-8 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
SPR054430828 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | SPR054430828 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240119064647.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 240119s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1007/s00296-023-05446-8 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)SPR054430828 | ||
| 035 | |a (SPR)s00296-023-05446-8-e | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Sakkas, Lazaros I. |e verfasserin |0 (orcid)0000-0002-7670-3314 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023 | ||
| 520 | |a Abstract Healthy females and males differ in their immune cell composition and function and females generally mount stronger immune response than males and are much more susceptible to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Females differ from males in sex hormones, and X-chromosome genes. Sex hormones affect immune cells and responses, and may induce epigenetic DNA changes. The importance of X-chromosome genes is exemplified in men with the Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) who have an additional X-chromosome and develop systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) as frequently as women. X-chromosome contains genes critical for the immune response, such as FOXP3, toll-like receptor(TLR)7, TLR8, CD40 Ligand, IL2RG, IL9R, BTK, and others. Whereas one X-chromosome in females is randomly inactivated early in embryonic development, around 25% of X-linked genes escape inactivation and result in more X-linked gene dosage in females. We use two key female-biased autoimmune rheumatic diseases, SLE and systemic sclerosis, to review differences in immune response, and clinical manifestations between females and males. The inclusion of sex variable in research will facilitate precision medicine and optimal patient outcome. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Bias |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Difference |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Female |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Male |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sex |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Precision medicine systemic sclerosis |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Systemic lupus erythematosus |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chikanza, Ian C. |0 (orcid)0000-0001-8602-0958 |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Rheumatology international |d Berlin : Springer, 1981 |g 44(2023), 2 vom: 16. Sept., Seite 203-209 |w (DE-627)SPR00382473X |w (DE-600)1464208-6 |x 1437-160X |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:44 |g year:2023 |g number:2 |g day:16 |g month:09 |g pages:203-209 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05446-8 |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_SPRINGER | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 44 |j 2023 |e 2 |b 16 |c 09 |h 203-209 | ||