A comprehensive review on rhubarb astringent/ laxative actions and the role of aquaporins as hub genes
Abstract Rhubarb, the rhizome and root of Rheum palmatum L. from the Polygonaceae family, is a globally important medicinal plant, especially in eastern Asia. It has been indicated for enteritis, gastritis, constipation, and diarrhea in Persian medicine. Several pharmacological investigations in previous decades have been conducted on anthraquinones of rhubarb responsible for diarrheagenic activities and rhubarb tannins initiating anti-diarrheagenic effects. Aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein, and their glycosides are major rhubarb anthraquinones. Moreover, catechin, catechin gallate, catechin-glucopyranoside, gallic acid, galloyl glucose, carboxyl-chrysophanol-O- glucose, coumaroyl-O-galloyl-glucose, di-O-galloyl-glucose, glucopyranosyl-galloyl-glucose, and di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentamer of catechin units are major rhubarb tannins. In this paper, a review of relevant pharmacological studies on rhubarb tannins and anthraquinones published in PubMed and Scopus databases is performed. In addition, the hub genes and common targets of rhubarb anthraquinones and tannins were investigated using gene expression databases. Thirty common differentially expressed target genes were identified. According to the survey, the pharmacology of rhubarb is linked to aquaporin expression and maintained inflammatory responses in the intestinal environment, where anthraquinones and tannins play as positive and negative regulators. Furthermore, their opposing effects on intestinal motility, fluid absorption, and water/electrolyte secretion are explained. Anthraquinones inhibit the $ Na^{+} $/$ K^{+} $ATPase pump while stimulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and $ Ca^{2+} $-activated $ Cl^{−} $ channels (CACC). Tannins reduce fluid secretion and smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting CACC and CFTR. This linkage opens new aspects for rhubarb pharmacology, its diarrheagenic/anti-diarrheagenic effects, and philosophical concepts of Hot and Cold temperaments in traditional medicine..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:22 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Phytochemistry reviews - 22(2022), 3 vom: 04. Dez., Seite 565-586 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Mosleh, Ghazaleh [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| Anmerkungen: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s11101-022-09851-y |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Rhubarb, the rhizome and root of Rheum palmatum L. from the Polygonaceae family, is a globally important medicinal plant, especially in eastern Asia. It has been indicated for enteritis, gastritis, constipation, and diarrhea in Persian medicine. Several pharmacological investigations in previous decades have been conducted on anthraquinones of rhubarb responsible for diarrheagenic activities and rhubarb tannins initiating anti-diarrheagenic effects. Aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein, and their glycosides are major rhubarb anthraquinones. Moreover, catechin, catechin gallate, catechin-glucopyranoside, gallic acid, galloyl glucose, carboxyl-chrysophanol-O- glucose, coumaroyl-O-galloyl-glucose, di-O-galloyl-glucose, glucopyranosyl-galloyl-glucose, and di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentamer of catechin units are major rhubarb tannins. In this paper, a review of relevant pharmacological studies on rhubarb tannins and anthraquinones published in PubMed and Scopus databases is performed. In addition, the hub genes and common targets of rhubarb anthraquinones and tannins were investigated using gene expression databases. Thirty common differentially expressed target genes were identified. According to the survey, the pharmacology of rhubarb is linked to aquaporin expression and maintained inflammatory responses in the intestinal environment, where anthraquinones and tannins play as positive and negative regulators. Furthermore, their opposing effects on intestinal motility, fluid absorption, and water/electrolyte secretion are explained. Anthraquinones inhibit the $ Na^{+} $/$ K^{+} $ATPase pump while stimulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and $ Ca^{2+} $-activated $ Cl^{−} $ channels (CACC). Tannins reduce fluid secretion and smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting CACC and CFTR. This linkage opens new aspects for rhubarb pharmacology, its diarrheagenic/anti-diarrheagenic effects, and philosophical concepts of Hot and Cold temperaments in traditional medicine. | ||
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