Ambient $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $ pollution and health impacts in Iranian megacity
Abstract The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess variation within fine particles ($ PM_{2.5} $) and tropospheric ozone ($ O_{3} $) time series in Khorramabad (Iran) between 2019 (before) and 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic); (ii) assess relationship between $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $, the $ PM_{2.5} $/$ O_{3} $ ratio, and energy consumption; and (iii) estimate the health effects of exposure to ambient $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $. From hourly $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $ concentrations, we applied both linear–log and integrated exposure–response functions, city-specific relative risk, and baseline incidence values to estimate the health effects over time. A significant correlation was found between $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $ (r =−0.46 in 2019, r =−0.55 in 2020, p < 0.05). The number of premature deaths for all non-accidental causes (27.5 and 24.6), ischemic heart disease (7.3 and 6.3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17 and 19.2), and lung cancer (9.2 and 6.25) attributed to ambient $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure and for respiratory diseases (4.7 and 5.4) for exposure to $ O_{3} $ above 10 µg $ m^{−3} $ for people older than 30-year-old were obtained in 2019 and 2020. The number of years of life lost declined by 11.6% in 2020 and exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ reduced the life expectancy by 0.58 and 0.45 years, respectively in 2019 and 2020. Compared to 2019, the restrictive measures associated to COVID-19 pandemic led to reduction in $ PM_{2.5} $ (−25.5%) and an increase of $ O_{3} $ concentration (+ 8.0%) in Khorramabad..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:37 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment - 37(2022), 1 vom: 07. Aug., Seite 175-184 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Rashidi, Rajab [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| Anmerkungen: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s00477-022-02286-z |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
SPR04942226X |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess variation within fine particles ($ PM_{2.5} $) and tropospheric ozone ($ O_{3} $) time series in Khorramabad (Iran) between 2019 (before) and 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic); (ii) assess relationship between $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $, the $ PM_{2.5} $/$ O_{3} $ ratio, and energy consumption; and (iii) estimate the health effects of exposure to ambient $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $. From hourly $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $ concentrations, we applied both linear–log and integrated exposure–response functions, city-specific relative risk, and baseline incidence values to estimate the health effects over time. A significant correlation was found between $ PM_{2.5} $ and $ O_{3} $ (r =−0.46 in 2019, r =−0.55 in 2020, p < 0.05). The number of premature deaths for all non-accidental causes (27.5 and 24.6), ischemic heart disease (7.3 and 6.3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17 and 19.2), and lung cancer (9.2 and 6.25) attributed to ambient $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure and for respiratory diseases (4.7 and 5.4) for exposure to $ O_{3} $ above 10 µg $ m^{−3} $ for people older than 30-year-old were obtained in 2019 and 2020. The number of years of life lost declined by 11.6% in 2020 and exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ reduced the life expectancy by 0.58 and 0.45 years, respectively in 2019 and 2020. Compared to 2019, the restrictive measures associated to COVID-19 pandemic led to reduction in $ PM_{2.5} $ (−25.5%) and an increase of $ O_{3} $ concentration (+ 8.0%) in Khorramabad. | ||
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