Intrinsic variables associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers in cricket: a systematic review

Background Lumbar spine injuries in fast bowlers account for the greatest missed playing time in cricket. A range of extrinsic and intrinsic variables are hypothesised to be associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers, and an improved understanding of intrinsic variables is necessary as these may alter load tolerance and injury risk associated with fast bowling. This review critically evaluated studies reporting intrinsic variables associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers and identified areas for future investigation. Methods OVID Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were last searched on 3 June 2022 to identify studies investigating intrinsic variables associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in cricket fast bowlers. Terms relevant to cricket fast bowling, and intrinsic variables associated with lumbar spine injury and low back pain in fast bowlers were searched. 1,503 abstracts were screened, and 118 full‐text articles were appraised to determine whether they met inclusion criteria. Two authors independently screened search results and assessed risk of bias using a modified version of the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Results Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, no included studies demonstrated a low risk of bias, two studies were identified as moderate risk, and twenty-three studies were identified as high risk. Conflicting results were reported amongst studies investigating associations of fast bowling kinematics and kinetics, trunk and lumbar anatomical features, anthropometric traits, age, and neuromuscular characteristics with low back pain and lumbar spine injury. Conclusion Inconsistencies in results may be related to differences in study design, injury definitions, participant characteristics, measurement parameters, and statistical analyses. Low back pain and lumbar spine injury occurrence in fast bowlers remain high, and this may be due to an absence of low bias studies that have informed recommendations for their prevention. Future research should employ clearly defined injury outcomes, analyse continuous datasets, utilise models that better represent lumbar kinematics and kinetics during fast bowling, and better quantify previous injury, lumbar anatomical features and lumbar maturation. Trial registration Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ERKZ2..

Key points • No included studies were judged to have an overall low risk of bias. • Inconsistencies in results of studies investigating associations between intrinsic variables and low back pain and lumbar spine injury may be due to differences in study design, injury definitions, participant characteristics, measurement parameters, and statistical analyses. • Clearly defined injury outcomes, use of continuous datasets, models that better represent lumbar kinematics and kinetics during fast bowling, and improving the quantification of lumbar maturation, previous injury, and lumbar anatomical features represent areas for future research..

Medienart:	E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:	2023
Erschienen:	2023

Enthalten in:	Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:15
Enthalten in:	BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation - 15(2023), 1 vom: 20. Sept.

Sprache:	Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:	Farhart, Patrick [VerfasserIn] Beakley, David [VerfasserIn] Diwan, Ashish [VerfasserIn] Duffield, Rob [VerfasserIn] Rodriguez, Elizabeth Pickering [VerfasserIn] Chamoli, Uphar [VerfasserIn] Watsford, Mark [VerfasserIn]

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Themen:	Fast bowling Intrinsic variables Kinematics Kinetics Low back pain Lumbar spine injury Neuromuscular Radiology Technique

Anmerkungen:	© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

doi:	10.1186/s13102-023-00732-1

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PPN (Katalog-ID):	OLC2145656499