Alzheimer’s disease in elderly COVID-19 patients: potential mechanisms and preventive measures
Abstract Advanced age correlates with higher morbidity and mortality among patients affected with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because systemic inflammation and neurological symptoms are also common in severe COVID-19 cases, there is concern that COVID-19 may lead to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this review, we summarize possible mechanisms by which infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, may cause AD in elderly COVID-19 patients and describe preventive measures to mitigate risk. Potential mechanisms include NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivation, innate immune activation, oxidative stress, direct viral infection, and direct cytolytic β-cell damage. Anti-inflammatory therapies, including TNF-α inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants such as the vitamin E family, nutritional intervention, physical activity, blood glucose control, and vaccination are proposed as preventive measures to minimize AD risk in COVID-19 patients. Since several risk factors for AD may converge during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurologists should be alert for potential symptoms of AD and actively implement preventive measures in patients presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms and in high-risk patients such as the elderly..
| Medienart: |
Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:42 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Neurological sciences - 42(2021), 12 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 4913-4920 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Wang, Haili [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
Volltext [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| BKL: | |
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| Themen: |
Alzheimer’s disease |
| Anmerkungen: |
© Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2021. corrected publication 2021 |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s10072-021-05616-1 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
OLC2077577444 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Advanced age correlates with higher morbidity and mortality among patients affected with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because systemic inflammation and neurological symptoms are also common in severe COVID-19 cases, there is concern that COVID-19 may lead to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this review, we summarize possible mechanisms by which infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, may cause AD in elderly COVID-19 patients and describe preventive measures to mitigate risk. Potential mechanisms include NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivation, innate immune activation, oxidative stress, direct viral infection, and direct cytolytic β-cell damage. Anti-inflammatory therapies, including TNF-α inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants such as the vitamin E family, nutritional intervention, physical activity, blood glucose control, and vaccination are proposed as preventive measures to minimize AD risk in COVID-19 patients. Since several risk factors for AD may converge during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurologists should be alert for potential symptoms of AD and actively implement preventive measures in patients presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms and in high-risk patients such as the elderly. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Alzheimer’s disease | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prevention | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Renin-angiotensin system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Systemic inflammation | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lu, Juan |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Qin, Rongyin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Song, Kangping |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Yao |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Yingzhu |0 (orcid)0000-0002-2110-236X |4 aut | |
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