HIV-2 Epidemic in Spain – Challenges and Missing Opportunities
HIV type 2 (HIV-2) is a neglected virus despite estimates of 1-2 million people infected worldwide. HIV-2 is less efficiently transmitted than HIV-1 by sex and from mother-to-child. Although AIDS may develop in HIV-2 carriers, it takes longer than in HIV-1-infected patients. In contrast with HIV-1 infection, there is no global pandemic caused by HIV-2, remaining the virus largely confined to West Africa. In a less extent and due to socioeconomic ties and wars, HIV-2 is prevalent in Portugal and its former colonies in Brazil, India, Mozambique and Angola. Globally, HIV-2 infections are steadily declining over time.A total of 338 cases of HIV-2 infection had been reported at the Spanish HIV-2 registry until December 2016, of whom 63% were male. Overall 72% were Sub-Saharan Africans whereas 16% were native Spaniards. Dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfection was found in 9% of patients. Heterosexual contact was the most likely route of HIV-2 acquisition in more than 90% of cases. Roughly one third presented with CD4 counts <200 cells/μL and/or AIDS clinical events. Plasma HIV-2 RNA was undetectable at baseline in 40% of patients. To date, one third of HIV-2 carriers have received antiretroviral therapy, using integrase inhibitors 32 individuals.New diagnoses of HIV-2 in Spain have remained stable since 2010 with an average of 15 cases yearly. Illegal immigration from Northwestern African borders accounts for over 75% of new HIV-2 diagnoses. Given the relatively large community of West Africans already living in Spain and the continuous flux of immigration from endemic regions, HIV-2 infection either alone or as coinfection with HIV-1 should be excluded once in all HIV-seroreactive persons, especially when showing atypical HIV serological profiles, immunovirological disconnect (CD4 count loss despite undetectable HIV-1 viremia) and/or high epidemiological risks (birth in or sex partners from endemic regions)..
Medienart: |
Artikel |
---|
Erscheinungsjahr: |
2017 |
---|---|
Erschienen: |
2017 |
Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2017 |
---|---|
Enthalten in: |
Aids |
Sprache: |
Englisch |
---|
Beteiligte Personen: |
de Mendoza, Carmen [VerfasserIn] |
---|
Links: |
---|
BKL: |
---|
RVK: |
---|
doi: |
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001485 |
---|
funding: |
|
---|---|
Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
PPN (Katalog-ID): |
OLC1993060928 |
---|
LEADER | 01000caa a2200265 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | OLC1993060928 | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20230512163957.0 | ||
007 | tu | ||
008 | 170512s2017 xx ||||| 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001485 |2 doi | |
028 | 5 | 2 | |a PQ20170501 |
035 | |a (DE-627)OLC1993060928 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)GBVOLC1993060928 | ||
035 | |a (PRQ)wolterskluwer_health_10_1097_QAD_00000000000014850 | ||
035 | |a (KEY)0157957620170000000000000000hiv2epidemicinspainchallengesandmissingopportuniti | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
082 | 0 | 4 | |a 610 |q DE-600 |
084 | |a XA 16838 |q AVZ |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a 44.78 |2 bkl | ||
100 | 1 | |a de Mendoza, Carmen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a HIV-2 Epidemic in Spain – Challenges and Missing Opportunities |
264 | 1 | |c 2017 | |
336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a Band |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | |a HIV type 2 (HIV-2) is a neglected virus despite estimates of 1-2 million people infected worldwide. HIV-2 is less efficiently transmitted than HIV-1 by sex and from mother-to-child. Although AIDS may develop in HIV-2 carriers, it takes longer than in HIV-1-infected patients. In contrast with HIV-1 infection, there is no global pandemic caused by HIV-2, remaining the virus largely confined to West Africa. In a less extent and due to socioeconomic ties and wars, HIV-2 is prevalent in Portugal and its former colonies in Brazil, India, Mozambique and Angola. Globally, HIV-2 infections are steadily declining over time.A total of 338 cases of HIV-2 infection had been reported at the Spanish HIV-2 registry until December 2016, of whom 63% were male. Overall 72% were Sub-Saharan Africans whereas 16% were native Spaniards. Dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfection was found in 9% of patients. Heterosexual contact was the most likely route of HIV-2 acquisition in more than 90% of cases. Roughly one third presented with CD4 counts <200 cells/μL and/or AIDS clinical events. Plasma HIV-2 RNA was undetectable at baseline in 40% of patients. To date, one third of HIV-2 carriers have received antiretroviral therapy, using integrase inhibitors 32 individuals.New diagnoses of HIV-2 in Spain have remained stable since 2010 with an average of 15 cases yearly. Illegal immigration from Northwestern African borders accounts for over 75% of new HIV-2 diagnoses. Given the relatively large community of West Africans already living in Spain and the continuous flux of immigration from endemic regions, HIV-2 infection either alone or as coinfection with HIV-1 should be excluded once in all HIV-seroreactive persons, especially when showing atypical HIV serological profiles, immunovirological disconnect (CD4 count loss despite undetectable HIV-1 viremia) and/or high epidemiological risks (birth in or sex partners from endemic regions). | ||
540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. | ||
700 | 1 | |a Cabezas, Teresa |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Caballero, Estrella |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Requena, Silvia |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Amengual, María José |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Peñaranda, María |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Sáez, Ana |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Tellez, Raquel |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Lozano, Ana Belén |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Treviño, Ana |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Ramos, José M |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Pérez, José Luis |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Barreiro, Pablo |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Soriano, Vicente |4 oth | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Aids <London> |d Hagerstown, Md. : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1987 |g (2017) |w (DE-627)168132583 |w (DE-600)639076-6 |w (DE-576)015929418 |x 0269-9370 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g year:2017 |
856 | 4 | 1 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001485 |3 Volltext |
912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
912 | |a SYSFLAG_A | ||
912 | |a GBV_OLC | ||
912 | |a SSG-OLC-PHA | ||
912 | |a SSG-OLC-DE-84 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2414 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4125 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4219 | ||
936 | r | v | |a XA 16838 |
936 | b | k | |a 44.78 |q AVZ |
951 | |a AR | ||
952 | |j 2017 |