Broad-spectrum pH functional chitosan-phosphatase beads for the generation of plant-available phosphorus : utilizing the insoluble P pool
Copyright © 2024 Konwar, Boruah, Gogoi, Boruah, Borgohain, Baruah, Gogoi, Karak and Saikia..
Utilization of organic phosphates and insoluble phosphates for the gradual generation of plant-available phosphorus (P) is the only sustainable solution for P fertilization. Enzymatic conversions are one of the best sustainable routes for releasing P to soil. Phosphatase enzyme aids in solubilizing organic and insoluble phosphates to plant-available P. We herein report the preparation of highly functional chitosan beads co-immobilized with acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes via a glutaraldehyde linkage. The dual enzyme co-immobilized chitosan beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses to confirm the immobilization. The co-immobilized system was found to be active for a broader pH range of ∼4-10 than the individually bound enzymes and mixed soluble enzymes. The bound matrix exhibited pH optima at 6 and 9, respectively, for acid and alkaline phosphatase and a temperature optimum at 50°C. The phosphate-solubilizing abilities of the chitosan-enzyme derivatives were examined using insoluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) for wide pH conditions of 5.5, 7, and 8.5 up to 25 days. The liberation of phosphate was highest (27.20 mg/mL) at pH 5.5 after the defined period. The residual soil phosphatase activity was also monitored after 7 days of incubation with CBE for three different soils of pH ∼5.5, 7, and 8.5. The residual phosphatase activity increased for all the soils after applying the CBE. The germination index of the Oryza sativa (rice) plant was studied using different pH buffer media upon the application of the CBE in the presence of tri-calcium phosphate as a phosphate source. Overall, the dual-enzyme co-immobilized chitosan beads were highly effective over a wide pH range for generating plant-available phosphates from insoluble phosphates. The chitosan-enzyme derivative holds the potential to be used for sustainable phosphorus fertilization with different insoluble and organic phosphorus sources.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:12 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Frontiers in chemistry - 12(2024) vom: 06., Seite 1359191 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Konwar, Kasturika [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Acid phosphatase |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 25.04.2024 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.3389/fchem.2024.1359191 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 520 | |a Utilization of organic phosphates and insoluble phosphates for the gradual generation of plant-available phosphorus (P) is the only sustainable solution for P fertilization. Enzymatic conversions are one of the best sustainable routes for releasing P to soil. Phosphatase enzyme aids in solubilizing organic and insoluble phosphates to plant-available P. We herein report the preparation of highly functional chitosan beads co-immobilized with acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes via a glutaraldehyde linkage. The dual enzyme co-immobilized chitosan beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses to confirm the immobilization. The co-immobilized system was found to be active for a broader pH range of ∼4-10 than the individually bound enzymes and mixed soluble enzymes. The bound matrix exhibited pH optima at 6 and 9, respectively, for acid and alkaline phosphatase and a temperature optimum at 50°C. The phosphate-solubilizing abilities of the chitosan-enzyme derivatives were examined using insoluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) for wide pH conditions of 5.5, 7, and 8.5 up to 25 days. The liberation of phosphate was highest (27.20 mg/mL) at pH 5.5 after the defined period. The residual soil phosphatase activity was also monitored after 7 days of incubation with CBE for three different soils of pH ∼5.5, 7, and 8.5. The residual phosphatase activity increased for all the soils after applying the CBE. The germination index of the Oryza sativa (rice) plant was studied using different pH buffer media upon the application of the CBE in the presence of tri-calcium phosphate as a phosphate source. Overall, the dual-enzyme co-immobilized chitosan beads were highly effective over a wide pH range for generating plant-available phosphates from insoluble phosphates. The chitosan-enzyme derivative holds the potential to be used for sustainable phosphorus fertilization with different insoluble and organic phosphorus sources | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a acid phosphatase | |
| 650 | 4 | |a alkaline phosphatase | |
| 650 | 4 | |a chitosan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a enzyme | |
| 650 | 4 | |a fertilizer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a immobilization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a phosphorus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a sustainable agriculture | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Boruah, Himanku |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gogoi, Rimjim |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Boruah, Anudhriti |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Borgohain, Arup |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Baruah, Madhusmita |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gogoi, Subham Protim |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Karak, Tanmoy |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Saikia, Jiban |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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