Sunlight enhanced the formation of tribromomethane from benzotriazole degradation during the sunlight/free chlorine treatment in the presence of bromide
Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved..
The coexistence of free chlorine and bromide under sunlight irradiation (sunlight/FC with Br-) is unavoidable in outdoor seawater swimming pools, and the formation of brominated disinfection byproducts could act more harmful than chlorinated disinfection byproducts. In this study, benzotriazole was selected as a model compound to investigate the degradation rate and the subsequent formation of disinfection byproducts via sunlight/FC with Br- process. The rate constants for the degradation of benzotriazole under pseudo first order conditions in sunlight/FC with Br- and sunlight/FC are 2.3 ± 0.07 × 10-1 min-1 and 6.0 ± 0.7 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The enhanced degradation of benzotriazole can be ascribed to the generation of HO•, bromine species, and reactive halogen species (RHS) during sunlight/FC with Br-. Despite the fact that sunlight/FC with Br- process enhanced benzotriazole degradation, the reaction results in increasing tribromomethane (TBM) formation. A high concentration (37.8 μg/L) of TBM was detected in the sunlight/FC with Br-, which was due to the reaction of RHS. The degradation of benzotriazole was notably influenced by the pH value (pH 4 - 11), the concentration of bromide (0 - 2 mM), and free chlorine (1 - 6 mg/L). Furthermore, the concentration of TBM increased when the free chlorine concentrations increased, implying the formation potential of harmful TBM in chlorinated seawater swimming pools.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:357 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Chemosphere - 357(2024) vom: 13. Apr., Seite 142039 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Hsieh, Ming-Chi [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Bromide |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 19.04.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142039 |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM37110615X |
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| 520 | |a The coexistence of free chlorine and bromide under sunlight irradiation (sunlight/FC with Br-) is unavoidable in outdoor seawater swimming pools, and the formation of brominated disinfection byproducts could act more harmful than chlorinated disinfection byproducts. In this study, benzotriazole was selected as a model compound to investigate the degradation rate and the subsequent formation of disinfection byproducts via sunlight/FC with Br- process. The rate constants for the degradation of benzotriazole under pseudo first order conditions in sunlight/FC with Br- and sunlight/FC are 2.3 ± 0.07 × 10-1 min-1 and 6.0 ± 0.7 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The enhanced degradation of benzotriazole can be ascribed to the generation of HO•, bromine species, and reactive halogen species (RHS) during sunlight/FC with Br-. Despite the fact that sunlight/FC with Br- process enhanced benzotriazole degradation, the reaction results in increasing tribromomethane (TBM) formation. A high concentration (37.8 μg/L) of TBM was detected in the sunlight/FC with Br-, which was due to the reaction of RHS. The degradation of benzotriazole was notably influenced by the pH value (pH 4 - 11), the concentration of bromide (0 - 2 mM), and free chlorine (1 - 6 mg/L). Furthermore, the concentration of TBM increased when the free chlorine concentrations increased, implying the formation potential of harmful TBM in chlorinated seawater swimming pools | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bromide | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bromine species | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Reactive halogen species | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sunlight/FC | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tribromomethane | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lee, Wan-Ning |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chu, Yi-Hsuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lin, Hank Hui-Hsiang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lin, Angela Yu-Chen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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