Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City, Japan : A population-based cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVES: Hikikomori is commonly defined as a social condition in which individuals avoid social participation and relationships beyond their family members by confining themselves to a room or their house for 6 months or longer. Hikikomori has been predominantly considered a problem among young people; however, as the population is ageing, hikikomori has also emerged as a social issue among adults. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have examined the differences in the factors associated with hikikomori among teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Thus, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly examined, and it remains unclear whether the risk factors vary between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Based on the Japan Cabinet Office's definition of hikikomori, this cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and related factors of hikikomori among the working age population (15-64 years), utilising univariate and multivariate analyses. The study also compared differences in the prevalence of and factors related to hikikomori between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults.
METHODS: We distributed self-administered questionnaires to individual participants and their families between 24 December 2020 and 18 January 2021.
RESULTS: Data from an anonymised sample of 3,092 individuals (split into two groups of 15-39 and 40-64 years) were subjected to analysis. The results revealed a hikikomori prevalence of 2.3% in the target population; the prevalence rate was 2.12% among individuals aged 15 to 39 years and 2.42% among those aged 40 to 64 years. The analysis demonstrated strong correlations between hikikomori and several factors, including unemployment, truancy, a history of psychiatric consultation or hospitalisation, being male and the absence of ibasho, which is defined as a place where individuals can feel peace, security, acceptance and belonging. The factors associated with hikikomori differed between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults.
CONCLUSION: Our findings, thus, contribute to existing research by providing a comparative analysis of risk factors across different age groups.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2024 |
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| Enthalten in: |
The International journal of social psychiatry - (2024) vom: 14. Apr., Seite 207640241245926 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Kanai, Koji [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Age groups |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 15.04.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
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| doi: |
10.1177/00207640241245926 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM371058368 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kanai, Koji |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City, Japan |b A population-based cross-sectional study |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 15.04.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status Publisher | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: Hikikomori is commonly defined as a social condition in which individuals avoid social participation and relationships beyond their family members by confining themselves to a room or their house for 6 months or longer. Hikikomori has been predominantly considered a problem among young people; however, as the population is ageing, hikikomori has also emerged as a social issue among adults. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have examined the differences in the factors associated with hikikomori among teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Thus, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly examined, and it remains unclear whether the risk factors vary between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Based on the Japan Cabinet Office's definition of hikikomori, this cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and related factors of hikikomori among the working age population (15-64 years), utilising univariate and multivariate analyses. The study also compared differences in the prevalence of and factors related to hikikomori between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We distributed self-administered questionnaires to individual participants and their families between 24 December 2020 and 18 January 2021 | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Data from an anonymised sample of 3,092 individuals (split into two groups of 15-39 and 40-64 years) were subjected to analysis. The results revealed a hikikomori prevalence of 2.3% in the target population; the prevalence rate was 2.12% among individuals aged 15 to 39 years and 2.42% among those aged 40 to 64 years. The analysis demonstrated strong correlations between hikikomori and several factors, including unemployment, truancy, a history of psychiatric consultation or hospitalisation, being male and the absence of ibasho, which is defined as a place where individuals can feel peace, security, acceptance and belonging. The factors associated with hikikomori differed between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: Our findings, thus, contribute to existing research by providing a comparative analysis of risk factors across different age groups | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prevalence | |
| 650 | 4 | |a age groups | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hikikomori | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ibasho | |
| 650 | 4 | |a related factors | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Zha, Ling |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tanaka, Kenta |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ikeda, Manabu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sobue, Tomotaka |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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