Reaction Pattern and Mechanistic Aspects of Iodine and Iodine-Based Reagents in Selenylation of Aliphatic, Aromatic, and (Hetero)Cyclic Systems

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG..

Organoselenium compounds have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the biologically active compound ebselen. Ebselen has recently been found to show activity against the main protease of the virus responsible for COVID-19. Other organoselenium compounds are also well-known for their diverse biological activities, with such compounds exhibiting interesting physical properties relevant to the fields of electronics, materials, and polymer chemistry. In addition, the incorporation of selenium into various organic molecules has garnered significant attention due to the potential of selenium to enhance the biological activity of these molecules, particularly in conjunction with bioactive heterocycles. Iodine and iodine-based reagents play a prominent role in the synthesis of organoselenium compounds, being valued for their cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and ease of handling. These reagents efficiently selenylate a broad range of organic substrates, encompassing alkenes, alkynes, and cyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic molecules. They serve as catalysts, additives, inducers, and oxidizing agents, facilitating the introduction of different functional groups at alternate positions in the molecules, thereby allowing for regioselective and stereoselective approaches. Specific iodine reagents and their combinations can be tailored to follow the desired reaction pathways. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the progress in the selenylation of organic molecules using iodine reagents over the past decade, with a focus on reaction patterns, solvent effects, heating, microwave, and ultrasonic conditions. Detailed discussions on mechanistic aspects, such as electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, electrochemical, and ring expansion reactions via selenylation, multiselenylation, and difunctionalization, are included. The review also highlights the formation of various cyclic, heterocyclic, and heteroarenes resulting from the in situ generation of selenium intermediates, encompassing cyclic ketones, cyclic ethers, cyclic lactones, selenophenes, chromones, pyrazolines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, indolines, oxazolines, isooxazolines, lactones, dihydrofurans, and isoxazolidines. To enhance the reader's interest, the review is structured into different sections covering the selenylation of aliphatic sp2/sp carbon and cyclic sp2 carbon, and then is further subdivided into various heterocyclic molecules.

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2024

Erschienen:

2024

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:382

Enthalten in:

Topics in current chemistry (Cham) - 382(2024), 2 vom: 08. Apr., Seite 12

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Kumar, Pankaj [VerfasserIn]
Bhalla, Aman [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext

Themen:

40X2P7DPGH
7440-44-0
9679TC07X4
Carbon
Ebselen
H6241UJ22B
Heterocycles
Indicators and Reagents
Iodine
Iodine reagents
Isoindoles
Journal Article
Lactones
Mechanistic investigations
Organoselenium
Organoselenium Compounds
Review
Selenium
Selenylation

Anmerkungen:

Date Completed 10.04.2024

Date Revised 10.04.2024

published: Electronic

Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:

10.1007/s41061-024-00459-8

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

NLM370789474