Histoplasma seropositivity and environmental risk factors for exposure in a general population in Upper River Region, The Gambia : A cross-sectional study
© 2024 The Author(s)..
Robust surveillance of Histoplasma species is warranted in endemic regions, including investigation of community-level transmission dynamics. This cross-sectional study explored anti-Histoplasma antibody seroprevalence and risk factors for exposure in a general population in Upper River Region (URR), The Gambia. Study participants were recruited (December 2022-March 2023) by random household sampling across 12 Enumeration Areas (EAs) of URR. A questionnaire and clinical examination were performed; exploring demographic, clinical and environmental risk factors for Histoplasma exposure. One venous blood sample per participant was subject to IMMY Latex Agglutination Histoplasma test to determine presence of a recent IgM response to Histoplasma. Seropositivity risk factors were explored by multi-level, multivariable logistic regression analysis. The study population (n = 298) aged 5-83 years, demonstrated a positively skewed age distribution and comprised 55.4% females. An apparent seroprevalence of 18.8% (n = 56/298, 95% CI 14.5-23.7%) was measured using the LAT. A multivariable model demonstrated increased odds of Histoplasma seropositivity amongst female participants (OR = 2.41 95% CI 1.14-5.10); and participants reporting involvement in animal manure management (OR = 4.21 95% CI 1.38-12.90), and management of domestic animals inside the compound at night during the dry season (OR = 10.72 95% CI 2.02-56.83). Increasing age (OR = 0.96 95% CI 0.93-0.98) was associated with decreased odds of seropositivity. Clustering at EA level was responsible for 17.2% of seropositivity variance. The study indicates frequent recent Histoplasma exposure and presents plausible demographic and environmental risk factors for seropositivity. Histoplasma spp. characterisation at this human-animal-environment interface is warranted, to determine public health implications of environmental reservoirs in The Gambia. The study was supported by Wellcome Trust (206,638/Z/17/Z to CES) and a University of Liverpool-funded PhD studentship (to TRC).
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:18 |
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| Enthalten in: |
One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) - 18(2024) vom: 26. Apr., Seite 100717 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Cornell, Tessa Rose [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Histoplasma |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 06.04.2024 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100717 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM370659554 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cornell, Tessa Rose |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Histoplasma seropositivity and environmental risk factors for exposure in a general population in Upper River Region, The Gambia |b A cross-sectional study |
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| 520 | |a © 2024 The Author(s). | ||
| 520 | |a Robust surveillance of Histoplasma species is warranted in endemic regions, including investigation of community-level transmission dynamics. This cross-sectional study explored anti-Histoplasma antibody seroprevalence and risk factors for exposure in a general population in Upper River Region (URR), The Gambia. Study participants were recruited (December 2022-March 2023) by random household sampling across 12 Enumeration Areas (EAs) of URR. A questionnaire and clinical examination were performed; exploring demographic, clinical and environmental risk factors for Histoplasma exposure. One venous blood sample per participant was subject to IMMY Latex Agglutination Histoplasma test to determine presence of a recent IgM response to Histoplasma. Seropositivity risk factors were explored by multi-level, multivariable logistic regression analysis. The study population (n = 298) aged 5-83 years, demonstrated a positively skewed age distribution and comprised 55.4% females. An apparent seroprevalence of 18.8% (n = 56/298, 95% CI 14.5-23.7%) was measured using the LAT. A multivariable model demonstrated increased odds of Histoplasma seropositivity amongst female participants (OR = 2.41 95% CI 1.14-5.10); and participants reporting involvement in animal manure management (OR = 4.21 95% CI 1.38-12.90), and management of domestic animals inside the compound at night during the dry season (OR = 10.72 95% CI 2.02-56.83). Increasing age (OR = 0.96 95% CI 0.93-0.98) was associated with decreased odds of seropositivity. Clustering at EA level was responsible for 17.2% of seropositivity variance. The study indicates frequent recent Histoplasma exposure and presents plausible demographic and environmental risk factors for seropositivity. Histoplasma spp. characterisation at this human-animal-environment interface is warranted, to determine public health implications of environmental reservoirs in The Gambia. The study was supported by Wellcome Trust (206,638/Z/17/Z to CES) and a University of Liverpool-funded PhD studentship (to TRC) | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Histoplasma | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human-animal-environment interface | |
| 650 | 4 | |a One health | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Seroprevalence | |
| 650 | 4 | |a The Gambia | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Conteh, Bakary |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Drammeh, Lamin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jeffang, Foday |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sallah, Ebrima |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kijera, Alkali |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jarju, Mustapha |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Karim, Mehrab |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Khan, Ebrima |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ceesay, Pa Ousman |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Manneh, Ebrima |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Regional Health Directorate Upper River Region |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wootton, Dan G |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pinchbeck, Gina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Scantlebury, Claire Elizabeth |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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