Exploring pH levels and environmental impacts on handwash products in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia : A cross-sectional study
Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care..
Background: The human skin, with a pH of 4 to 6, serves as a barrier against external pathogens. Alkaline handwash products (HWPs) can compromise this barrier and are widely used following the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to determine the pH of a sample of HWPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and assess the effect of environmental factors on their pH.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study involved a convenience sample of 33 liquid soaps, soap bars, and synthetic detergents (Syndets) from various brands. The pH of the handwash products was measured using laboratory-validated techniques. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio 2022 software.
Results: Of the HWPs, 16 (48.5%) had a highly alkaline pH (≥10), while 14 (42.4%) had an acidic pH (4.0-6.9). Most liquid soaps were acidic (84.6%), with a mean pH of 5.9, whereas soap bars had a mean pH of 10.3. Syndets had a mean pH of 6.0.
Conclusions: On average, liquid soaps and syndets offered a more physiological pH than soap bars. Liquid soaps were more affordable than synthetic detergents, making them a better value option among the three types of HWPs. Environmental factors such as exposure to hot weather did not have a significant impact on HWPs.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:13 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of family medicine and primary care - 13(2024), 1 vom: 08. Jan., Seite 230-234 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Alsalhi, Abdulaziz [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Atopic dermatitis |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 15.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_351_23 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM369719816 |
|---|
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| 100 | 1 | |a Alsalhi, Abdulaziz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Exploring pH levels and environmental impacts on handwash products in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |b A cross-sectional study |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 15.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. | ||
| 520 | |a Background: The human skin, with a pH of 4 to 6, serves as a barrier against external pathogens. Alkaline handwash products (HWPs) can compromise this barrier and are widely used following the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to determine the pH of a sample of HWPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and assess the effect of environmental factors on their pH | ||
| 520 | |a Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study involved a convenience sample of 33 liquid soaps, soap bars, and synthetic detergents (Syndets) from various brands. The pH of the handwash products was measured using laboratory-validated techniques. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio 2022 software | ||
| 520 | |a Results: Of the HWPs, 16 (48.5%) had a highly alkaline pH (≥10), while 14 (42.4%) had an acidic pH (4.0-6.9). Most liquid soaps were acidic (84.6%), with a mean pH of 5.9, whereas soap bars had a mean pH of 10.3. Syndets had a mean pH of 6.0 | ||
| 520 | |a Conclusions: On average, liquid soaps and syndets offered a more physiological pH than soap bars. Liquid soaps were more affordable than synthetic detergents, making them a better value option among the three types of HWPs. Environmental factors such as exposure to hot weather did not have a significant impact on HWPs | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Atopic dermatitis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a eczema | |
| 650 | 4 | |a handwash products | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alzamil, Lama |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alekrish, Khalid |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alhaqbani, Renad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a AlKanaan, Renad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Al-Mohaimeed, Amal M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Almohawis, Nada |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alsalhi, Hamad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Al-Salhy, Abdulmalik |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alsalhi, Abdullah |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mitwalli, Hadeel |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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