An Autopsy-proven Case-based Review of Autoimmune Encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of immunoreactive encephalitic disorder and is recognized as the most prevalent noninfectious encephalitis. Nevertheless, the rarity of definitive AIE diagnosis through biopsy or autopsy represents a significant hurdle to understanding and managing the disease. In this article, we present the pathological findings of AIE and review the literature based on a distinct case of AIE presenting as CD8+ T-lymphocyte predominant encephalitis. We describe the clinical progression, diagnostic imaging, laboratory data, and autopsy findings of an 80-year-old deceased male patient. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis 6 months before death and received appropriate medications. A week before admission to the hospital, the patient manifested symptoms such as a tendency to sleep, decreased appetite, and confusion. Although the patient temporally improved with medication including correction of hyponatremia, the patient progressed rapidly and died in 6 weeks. The brain tissue revealed lymphocytic infiltration in the gray and white matter, leptomeninges, and perivascular infiltration with a predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes, suggesting a case of AIE. There was no detectable evidence of viral infection or underlying neoplasm. The autopsy revealed that this patient also had Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and aging-related tau astrogliopathy. This report emphasizes the pivotal role of pathological examination in the diagnosis of AIE, especially when serological autoantibody testing is not available or when a patient is suspected of having multiple diseases.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:33 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Experimental neurobiology - 33(2024), 1 vom: 29. Feb., Seite 1-17 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Shim, Yu-Mi [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 16.03.2024 published: Print Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.5607/en23036 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM369615166 |
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| 520 | |a Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of immunoreactive encephalitic disorder and is recognized as the most prevalent noninfectious encephalitis. Nevertheless, the rarity of definitive AIE diagnosis through biopsy or autopsy represents a significant hurdle to understanding and managing the disease. In this article, we present the pathological findings of AIE and review the literature based on a distinct case of AIE presenting as CD8+ T-lymphocyte predominant encephalitis. We describe the clinical progression, diagnostic imaging, laboratory data, and autopsy findings of an 80-year-old deceased male patient. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis 6 months before death and received appropriate medications. A week before admission to the hospital, the patient manifested symptoms such as a tendency to sleep, decreased appetite, and confusion. Although the patient temporally improved with medication including correction of hyponatremia, the patient progressed rapidly and died in 6 weeks. The brain tissue revealed lymphocytic infiltration in the gray and white matter, leptomeninges, and perivascular infiltration with a predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes, suggesting a case of AIE. There was no detectable evidence of viral infection or underlying neoplasm. The autopsy revealed that this patient also had Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and aging-related tau astrogliopathy. This report emphasizes the pivotal role of pathological examination in the diagnosis of AIE, especially when serological autoantibody testing is not available or when a patient is suspected of having multiple diseases | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Review | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Autopsy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CD8-positive T-lymphocytes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Encephalitis | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Kim, Seong-Ik |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Lee, Kwanghoon |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kim, Eric Eunshik |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Won, Jae Kyung |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Park, Sung-Hye |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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