Three dimensional analysis of the exhalation flow in the proximity of the mouth
© 2024 The Authors..
The human exhalation flow is characterized in this work from the three-dimensional velocimetry results obtained by using the stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) measurement technique on the flow emitted from a realistic airway model. For this purpose, the transient exhalation flow through the mouth of a person performing two different breaths corresponding to two metabolic rates, standing relaxed (SR) and walking active (WA), is emulated and studied. To reproduce the flow realistically, a detailed three-dimensional model obtained from computed tomography measurements on real subjects is used. To cope with the variability of the experimental data, a subsequent analysis of the results is performed using the TR-PIV (time resolved particle image velocimetry) technique. Exhalation produces a transient jet that becomes a puff when flow emission ends. Three-dimensional vector fields of the jet velocity are obtained in five equally spaced transverse planes up to a distance of Image 1 from the mouth at equally spaced time instants Image 2 which will be referred to as phases (φ), from the beginning to the end of exhalation. The time evolution during exhalation of the jet area of influence, the velocity field and the jet air entrainment have been characterized for each of the jet cross sections. The importance of the use of realistic airway models for the study of this type of flow and the influence of the metabolic rate on its development are also analyzed. The results obtained contribute to the characterization of the human exhalation as a pathway of the transmission of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 virus.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:10 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Heliyon - 10(2024), 4 vom: 29. Feb., Seite e26283 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Berlanga, F A [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
Cross infection risk |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 05.03.2024 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26283 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM369239539 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM369239539 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240305232634.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 240304s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26283 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1317.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM369239539 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)38434078 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Berlanga, F A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Three dimensional analysis of the exhalation flow in the proximity of the mouth |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 05.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-eCollection | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2024 The Authors. | ||
| 520 | |a The human exhalation flow is characterized in this work from the three-dimensional velocimetry results obtained by using the stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) measurement technique on the flow emitted from a realistic airway model. For this purpose, the transient exhalation flow through the mouth of a person performing two different breaths corresponding to two metabolic rates, standing relaxed (SR) and walking active (WA), is emulated and studied. To reproduce the flow realistically, a detailed three-dimensional model obtained from computed tomography measurements on real subjects is used. To cope with the variability of the experimental data, a subsequent analysis of the results is performed using the TR-PIV (time resolved particle image velocimetry) technique. Exhalation produces a transient jet that becomes a puff when flow emission ends. Three-dimensional vector fields of the jet velocity are obtained in five equally spaced transverse planes up to a distance of Image 1 from the mouth at equally spaced time instants Image 2 which will be referred to as phases (φ), from the beginning to the end of exhalation. The time evolution during exhalation of the jet area of influence, the velocity field and the jet air entrainment have been characterized for each of the jet cross sections. The importance of the use of realistic airway models for the study of this type of flow and the influence of the metabolic rate on its development are also analyzed. The results obtained contribute to the characterization of the human exhalation as a pathway of the transmission of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 virus | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cross infection risk | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Exhalation flows | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Realistic model | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Turbulent jet | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gomez, P |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Esteban, A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nielsen, P V |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Heliyon |d 2015 |g 10(2024), 4 vom: 29. Feb., Seite e26283 |w (DE-627)NLM255913095 |x 2405-8440 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:10 |g year:2024 |g number:4 |g day:29 |g month:02 |g pages:e26283 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26283 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 10 |j 2024 |e 4 |b 29 |c 02 |h e26283 | ||