How Should We Activate Ferrate(VI)? Fe(IV) and Fe(V) Tell Different Stories about Fluoroquinolone Transformation and Toxicity Changes

Many studies have investigated activation of ferrate (Fe(VI)) to produce reactive high-valent iron intermediates to enhance the oxidation of micropollutants. However, the differences in the risk of pollutant transformation caused by Fe(IV) and Fe(V) have not been taken seriously. In this study, Fe(VI)-alone, Fe3+/Fe(VI), and NaHCO3/Fe(VI) processes were used to oxidize fluoroquinolone antibiotics to explore the different effects of Fe(IV) and Fe(V) on product accumulation and toxicity changes. The contribution of Fe(IV) to levofloxacin degradation was 99.9% in the Fe3+/Fe(VI) process, and that of Fe(V) was 89.4% in the NaHCO3/Fe(VI) process. The cytotoxicity equivalents of levofloxacin decreased by 1.9 mg phenol/L in the Fe(IV)-dominant process while they significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 4.7 mg phenol/L in the Fe(V)-dominant process. The acute toxicity toward luminescent bacteria and the results for other fluoroquinolone antibiotics also showed that Fe(IV) reduced the toxicity and Fe(V) increased the toxicity. Density functional theory calculations showed that Fe(V) induced quinolone ring opening, which would increase the toxicity. Fe(IV) tended to oxidize the piperazine group, which reduced the toxicity. These results show the different-pollutant transformation caused by Fe(IV) and Fe(V). In future, the different risk outcomes during Fe(VI) activation should be taken seriously.

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2024

Erschienen:

2024

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:58

Enthalten in:

Environmental science & technology - 58(2024), 10 vom: 12. März, Seite 4812-4823

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Wang, Zhongjuan [VerfasserIn]
Du, Ye [VerfasserIn]
Liu, Tong [VerfasserIn]
Li, Jie [VerfasserIn]
He, Chuan-Shu [VerfasserIn]
Liu, Yang [VerfasserIn]
Xiong, ZhaoKun [VerfasserIn]
Lai, Bo [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext

Themen:

16836-06-9
6GNT3Y5LMF
Anti-Bacterial Agents
E1UOL152H7
Environmental Pollutants
Fe(IV)
Fe(V)
Ferrate ion
Fluoroquinolones
Iron
Journal Article
Kinetic model
Levofloxacin
Phenols
Toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical

Anmerkungen:

Date Completed 13.03.2024

Date Revised 13.03.2024

published: Print-Electronic

Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:

10.1021/acs.est.3c10800

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

NLM36917920X