Large effects and the infinitesimal model
Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
The infinitesimal model of quantitative genetics relies on the Central Limit Theorem to stipulate that under additive models of quantitative traits determined by many loci having similar effect size, the difference between an offspring's genetic trait component and the average of their two parents' genetic trait components is Normally distributed and independent of the parents' values. Here, we investigate how the assumption of similar effect sizes affects the model: if, alternatively, the tail of the effect size distribution is polynomial with exponent α<2, then a different Central Limit Theorem implies that sums of effects should be well-approximated by a "stable distribution", for which single large effects are often still important. Empirically, we first find tail exponents between 1 and 2 in effect sizes estimated by genome-wide association studies of many human disease-related traits. We then show that the independence of offspring trait deviations from parental averages in many cases implies the Gaussian aspect of the infinitesimal model, suggesting that non-Gaussian models of trait evolution must explicitly track the underlying genetics, at least for loci of large effect. We also characterize possible limiting trait distributions of the infinitesimal model with infinitely divisible noise distributions, and compare our results to simulations.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:156 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Theoretical population biology - 156(2024) vom: 20. März, Seite 117-129 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Parsons, Todd L [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
Animal model |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 19.03.2024 Date Revised 19.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1016/j.tpb.2024.02.009 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM369133811 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM369133811 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240319232848.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 240301s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.tpb.2024.02.009 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1336.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM369133811 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)38423480 | ||
| 035 | |a (PII)S0040-5809(24)00018-2 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Parsons, Todd L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Large effects and the infinitesimal model |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 19.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 19.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a The infinitesimal model of quantitative genetics relies on the Central Limit Theorem to stipulate that under additive models of quantitative traits determined by many loci having similar effect size, the difference between an offspring's genetic trait component and the average of their two parents' genetic trait components is Normally distributed and independent of the parents' values. Here, we investigate how the assumption of similar effect sizes affects the model: if, alternatively, the tail of the effect size distribution is polynomial with exponent α<2, then a different Central Limit Theorem implies that sums of effects should be well-approximated by a "stable distribution", for which single large effects are often still important. Empirically, we first find tail exponents between 1 and 2 in effect sizes estimated by genome-wide association studies of many human disease-related traits. We then show that the independence of offspring trait deviations from parental averages in many cases implies the Gaussian aspect of the infinitesimal model, suggesting that non-Gaussian models of trait evolution must explicitly track the underlying genetics, at least for loci of large effect. We also characterize possible limiting trait distributions of the infinitesimal model with infinitely divisible noise distributions, and compare our results to simulations | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Animal model | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Evolutionary dynamics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Infinitesimal model | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quantitative genetics | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ralph, Peter L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Theoretical population biology |d 1970 |g 156(2024) vom: 20. März, Seite 117-129 |w (DE-627)NLM00155042X |x 1096-0325 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:156 |g year:2024 |g day:20 |g month:03 |g pages:117-129 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2024.02.009 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 156 |j 2024 |b 20 |c 03 |h 117-129 | ||