Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc..
Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:261 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) - 261(2024) vom: 01. Apr., Seite 110164 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 18.03.2024 Date Revised 10.04.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM369076834 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM369076834 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240411232400.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 240229s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1372.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM369076834 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)38417765 | ||
| 035 | |a (PII)S1521-6616(24)00055-X | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Galeota, Eugenia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 18.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 10.04.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc. | ||
| 520 | |a Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Single-cell multimodal longitudinal analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a T and B cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination | |
| 650 | 7 | |a BNT162 Vaccine |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vaccines |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antibodies, Neutralizing |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antibodies, Viral |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bevilacqua, Valeria |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gobbini, Andrea |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gruarin, Paola |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bombaci, Mauro |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pesce, Elisa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Favalli, Andrea |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lombardi, Andrea |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vincenti, Francesca |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ongaro, Jessica |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fabbris, Tanya |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Curti, Serena |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Martinovic, Martina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Toccafondi, Mirco |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lorenzo, Mariangela |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Critelli, Angelica |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clemente, Francesca |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Crosti, Mariacristina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sarnicola, Maria Lucia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Martinelli, Manuele |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a La Sala, Lucia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Espadas, Alejandro |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Donnici, Lorena |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Borghi, Maria Orietta |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a De Feo, Tullia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a De Francesco, Raffaele |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Prati, Daniele |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Meroni, Pier Luigi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Notarbartolo, Samuele |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Geginat, Jens |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gori, Andrea |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bandera, Alessandra |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Abrignani, Sergio |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Grifantini, Renata |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) |d 1999 |g 261(2024) vom: 01. Apr., Seite 110164 |w (DE-627)NLM098196855 |x 1521-7035 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:261 |g year:2024 |g day:01 |g month:04 |g pages:110164 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 261 |j 2024 |b 01 |c 04 |h 110164 | ||