Sex-differential patterns of neuropsychological functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
BACKGROUND: The sex-differential prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies across the lifespan, but little is known about sex differences in executive functions in adults with ADHD.
METHODS: We assessed 261 adults, aged 18-40 years, diagnosed with ADHD (170 males [assigned at birth], aged 25.81 ± 5.49; 91 females, aged 27.76 ± 5.42) and 308 neurotypical adults (176 males, aged 24.62 ± 5.14; 132 female, aged 25.37 ± 5.42) via psychiatric interviews to confirm ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses. They were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) on Reaction Time (arousal/processing speed), Rapid Visual Information Processing (sustained attention), Spatial Span (spatial memory), Spatial Working Memory, Intradimentional/Extradimensional Shift (set-shifting), and Stocking of Cambridge (spatial planning). The primary analyses were adjusted for age, full-scale IQ, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions.
RESULTS: Adults with ADHD had various co-occurring psychiatric conditions without sex differences in ADHD-neurotypical differences. Both adult males and females with ADHD performed poorer in all CANTAB tasks than same-sex neurotypical adults. Significant sex-moderating effects were observed in neuropsychological performance, including greater ADHD-neurotypical differences in arousal for females than males and in location memory for spatial tasks in males than females.
CONCLUSION: There were no sex-moderating effects in the presence of co-occurring psychiatric conditions in adult ADHD. However, there were sex-moderating effects on how ADHD related to neuropsychological functioning in adulthood. ADHD was associated with more challenges in arousal/processing speed in females and more challenges in strategy use or inhibition in spatial memory in males.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:131 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Comprehensive psychiatry - 131(2024) vom: 30. März, Seite 152464 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Lin, Yu-Ju [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
ADHD |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 25.03.2024 Date Revised 25.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152464 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM368849082 |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 25.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: The sex-differential prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies across the lifespan, but little is known about sex differences in executive functions in adults with ADHD | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We assessed 261 adults, aged 18-40 years, diagnosed with ADHD (170 males [assigned at birth], aged 25.81 ± 5.49; 91 females, aged 27.76 ± 5.42) and 308 neurotypical adults (176 males, aged 24.62 ± 5.14; 132 female, aged 25.37 ± 5.42) via psychiatric interviews to confirm ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses. They were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) on Reaction Time (arousal/processing speed), Rapid Visual Information Processing (sustained attention), Spatial Span (spatial memory), Spatial Working Memory, Intradimentional/Extradimensional Shift (set-shifting), and Stocking of Cambridge (spatial planning). The primary analyses were adjusted for age, full-scale IQ, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Adults with ADHD had various co-occurring psychiatric conditions without sex differences in ADHD-neurotypical differences. Both adult males and females with ADHD performed poorer in all CANTAB tasks than same-sex neurotypical adults. Significant sex-moderating effects were observed in neuropsychological performance, including greater ADHD-neurotypical differences in arousal for females than males and in location memory for spatial tasks in males than females | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: There were no sex-moderating effects in the presence of co-occurring psychiatric conditions in adult ADHD. However, there were sex-moderating effects on how ADHD related to neuropsychological functioning in adulthood. ADHD was associated with more challenges in arousal/processing speed in females and more challenges in strategy use or inhibition in spatial memory in males | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ADHD | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Adult | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Arousal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Executive function | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Psychiatric comorbidity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sex differences | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spatial working memory | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lai, Meng-Chuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Li-Kuang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gau, Susan Shur-Fen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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