Insights into microbial contamination and antibiotic resistome traits in pork wholesale market : An evaluation of the disinfection effect of sodium hypochlorite

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Chlorine and its derivatives, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide, are frequently employed as disinfectants throughout the pork supply chain in China. Nevertheless, the extensive use of NaClO has the potential to cause the creation of 'chlorine-tolerant bacteria' and accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy of NaClO disinfection by examining alterations in the microbiome and resistome of a pork wholesale market (PWM), and bacteria isolation and analysis were performed to validate the findings. As expected, the taxonomic compositions of bacteria was significantly different before and after disinfection. Notably, Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Salmonella bongori (S. bongori), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were observed on all surfaces, indicating that the application of NaClO disinfection treatment in PWM environments for pathogenic bacteria is limited. Correlations were identified between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with aminoglycosides (aph(3'')-I, aph(6')-I), quinolone (qnrB, abaQ), polymyxin (arnA, mcr-4) and disinfectant resistance genes (emrA/BD, mdtA/B/C/E/F). Furthermore, correlations were found between risk Rank I ARGs associated with aminoglycoside (aph(3')-I), tetracycline (tetH), beta_lactam (TEM-171), and disinfectant resistance genes (mdtB/C/E/F, emrA, acrB, qacG). Importantly, we found that Acinetobacter and Salmonella were the main hosts of disinfectant resistance genes. The resistance mechanisms of the ARGs identified in PWM were dominated by antibiotic deactivation (38.7%), antibiotic efflux (27.2%), and antibiotic target protection (14.4%). The proportion of genes encoding efflux pumps in the PWM resistome increased after disinfection. Microbial cultures demonstrated that the traits of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistane were consistent with those observed by metagenomic sequencing. This study highlights the possibility of cross-resistance between NaClO disinfectants and antibiotics, which should not be ignored.

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2024

Erschienen:

2024

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:468

Enthalten in:

Journal of hazardous materials - 468(2024) vom: 15. März, Seite 133811

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Xiao, Xingning [VerfasserIn]
He, Miao [VerfasserIn]
Ma, Lingyan [VerfasserIn]
Lv, Wentao [VerfasserIn]
Huang, Kang [VerfasserIn]
Yang, Hua [VerfasserIn]
Li, Yanbin [VerfasserIn]
Zou, Likou [VerfasserIn]
Xiao, Yingping [VerfasserIn]
Wang, Wen [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext

Themen:

4R7X1O2820
Aminoglycosides
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Chlorine
Chlorine tolerance
DY38VHM5OD
Disinfectants
Halogens
Journal Article
Metagenomics
NaClO
Pork wholesale market
Sodium Hypochlorite

Anmerkungen:

Date Completed 20.03.2024

Date Revised 20.03.2024

published: Print-Electronic

Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133811

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

NLM368723585