The residues and health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Pheretima (an earthworm-derived traditional medicine) from southeastern China
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature..
Minimal research exists on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), despite their significant contributions to domestic and international health protection. This study is the first to investigate the levels, profiles, and health risks of PCB residue in Pheretima, a typical TCM produced from earthworm. Seventy-seven Pheretima samples from different regions of China were analyzed for 45 PCB congeners. PCBs were found in all samples exhibiting species-dependent discrepancies. ∑45PCBs was ranging from 0.532 to 25.2 µg/kg (mean 4.46 µg/kg), with CB-11 being the most abundant congener contributing 71.8% ± 10.8% to ∑45PCBs, followed by CB-47, which were all non-Aroclor congeners called unintentionally produced PCBs (UP-PCBs). The average estimated daily intake of ∑45PCBs, ∑7ID-PCBs (indicative polychlorinated biphenyls), and CB-11 were 0.71, 0.04, and 0.51 ng/kg bw/d, respectively. The ∑HQ of PCBs in Pheretima samples was 2.97 × 10-4-2.46 × 10-2 (mean 2.77 × 10-3, 95th 4.21 × 10-3), while the ∑RQ ranged from 1.19 × 10-8 to 2.88 × 10-6 (mean 4.87 × 10-7, 95th 2.31 × 10-6). These findings indicate that Pheretima ingestion does not pose significant non-carcinogenic risks. However, certain individual samples exhibit an acceptable level of potential risks, particularly when considering that PCBs are recognized as endocrine disruptors and classified as probable carcinogens. These results contribute to the safety evaluation of traditional medicines and suggest the potential use of Pheretima as a bioindicator for PCB pollution. It is advisable to monitor UP-PCBs as indicator congeners and gather additional toxicological data.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:31 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Environmental science and pollution research international - 31(2024), 11 vom: 10. Feb., Seite 17275-17288 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Zhang, Yun-Jing [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 26.02.2024 Date Revised 26.02.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s11356-024-32230-3 |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM368298175 |
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| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The residues and health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Pheretima (an earthworm-derived traditional medicine) from southeastern China |
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| 520 | |a Minimal research exists on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), despite their significant contributions to domestic and international health protection. This study is the first to investigate the levels, profiles, and health risks of PCB residue in Pheretima, a typical TCM produced from earthworm. Seventy-seven Pheretima samples from different regions of China were analyzed for 45 PCB congeners. PCBs were found in all samples exhibiting species-dependent discrepancies. ∑45PCBs was ranging from 0.532 to 25.2 µg/kg (mean 4.46 µg/kg), with CB-11 being the most abundant congener contributing 71.8% ± 10.8% to ∑45PCBs, followed by CB-47, which were all non-Aroclor congeners called unintentionally produced PCBs (UP-PCBs). The average estimated daily intake of ∑45PCBs, ∑7ID-PCBs (indicative polychlorinated biphenyls), and CB-11 were 0.71, 0.04, and 0.51 ng/kg bw/d, respectively. The ∑HQ of PCBs in Pheretima samples was 2.97 × 10-4-2.46 × 10-2 (mean 2.77 × 10-3, 95th 4.21 × 10-3), while the ∑RQ ranged from 1.19 × 10-8 to 2.88 × 10-6 (mean 4.87 × 10-7, 95th 2.31 × 10-6). These findings indicate that Pheretima ingestion does not pose significant non-carcinogenic risks. However, certain individual samples exhibit an acceptable level of potential risks, particularly when considering that PCBs are recognized as endocrine disruptors and classified as probable carcinogens. These results contribute to the safety evaluation of traditional medicines and suggest the potential use of Pheretima as a bioindicator for PCB pollution. It is advisable to monitor UP-PCBs as indicator congeners and gather additional toxicological data | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pheretim a | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Risk assessment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Unintentionally produced PCBs | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Polychlorinated Biphenyls |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a DFC2HB4I0K |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Carcinogens |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Xiao-Jiang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cheng, Rui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Zhi-Tong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cao, Ling |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Feng, You-Long |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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