The molecular language of RNA 5' ends : guardians of RNA identity and immunity
© 2024 Avila-Bonilla and Macias; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society..
RNA caps are deposited at the 5' end of RNA polymerase II transcripts. This modification regulates several steps of gene expression, in addition to marking transcripts as self to enable the innate immune system to distinguish them from uncapped foreign RNAs, including those derived from viruses. Specialized immune sensors, such as RIG-I and IFITs, trigger antiviral responses upon recognition of uncapped cytoplasmic transcripts. Interestingly, uncapped transcripts can also be produced by mammalian hosts. For instance, 5'-triphosphate RNAs are generated by RNA polymerase III transcription, including tRNAs, Alu RNAs, or vault RNAs. These RNAs have emerged as key players of innate immunity, as they can be recognized by the antiviral sensors. Mechanisms that regulate the presence of 5'-triphosphates, such as 5'-end dephosphorylation or RNA editing, prevent immune recognition of endogenous RNAs and excessive inflammation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the complexity of RNA cap structures and 5'-triphosphate RNAs, highlighting their roles in transcript identity, immune surveillance, and disease.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:30 |
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| Enthalten in: |
RNA (New York, N.Y.) - 30(2024), 4 vom: 18. März, Seite 327-336 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Avila-Bonilla, Rodolfo Gamaliel [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
5′ cap |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 20.03.2024 Date Revised 02.04.2024 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1261/rna.079942.124 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM368151328 |
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| 520 | |a © 2024 Avila-Bonilla and Macias; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society. | ||
| 520 | |a RNA caps are deposited at the 5' end of RNA polymerase II transcripts. This modification regulates several steps of gene expression, in addition to marking transcripts as self to enable the innate immune system to distinguish them from uncapped foreign RNAs, including those derived from viruses. Specialized immune sensors, such as RIG-I and IFITs, trigger antiviral responses upon recognition of uncapped cytoplasmic transcripts. Interestingly, uncapped transcripts can also be produced by mammalian hosts. For instance, 5'-triphosphate RNAs are generated by RNA polymerase III transcription, including tRNAs, Alu RNAs, or vault RNAs. These RNAs have emerged as key players of innate immunity, as they can be recognized by the antiviral sensors. Mechanisms that regulate the presence of 5'-triphosphates, such as 5'-end dephosphorylation or RNA editing, prevent immune recognition of endogenous RNAs and excessive inflammation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the complexity of RNA cap structures and 5'-triphosphate RNAs, highlighting their roles in transcript identity, immune surveillance, and disease | ||
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