Increased antibody titers but induced T cell AICD and apoptosis response in COVID-19 convalescents by inactivated vaccine booster
It is urgently needed to evaluate the necessity and benefits of booster vaccination against the coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron to facilitate clinical decision-making for 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents. We conducted a multicenter, prospective clinical trial (registration number: ChiCTR2100045810) in the first patients with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 20 February 2020 to assess the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron BA.5 and further assess the efficiency and safety of CoronaVac in the convalescent group. A total of 96 COVID-19 convalescents were enrolled in this study. Neutralizing antibody titers in convalescents were significantly reduced in 9-10 months. A dose-refreshing vaccination in 28 convalescents with an antibody titer below 96 significantly induced neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron by 4.84-fold. Meanwhile, the abundance of naive T cells increased dramatically, and TEMRA and TEM cells gradually decreased after vaccination. Activation-induced cell death and apoptosis-related genes were significantly elevated after vaccination in all T-cell subtypes. One-dose booster vaccination was effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in COVID-19 convalescents with low antibody titers. However, vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns may be detrimental to the antiviral response.IMPORTANCEThe globally dominant coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant raises the possibility of repeat infections among 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents with low neutralizing antibody titers. The importance of this multicenter study lies in its evaluation of the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescents and the efficacy of a booster vaccination against the live Omicron. The findings suggest that a one-dose booster vaccination is effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in convalescents with low antibody titers. However, the study also highlights the potential detrimental effects on the antiviral response due to vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns. These results are crucial for facilitating clinical decision-making for COVID-19 convalescents and informing public health policies regarding booster vaccinations.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:12 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Microbiology spectrum - 12(2024), 3 vom: 05. März, Seite e0243523 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Zhao, Jingmin [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Antibodies, Neutralizing |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 06.03.2024 Date Revised 13.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1128/spectrum.02435-23 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM368083780 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Increased antibody titers but induced T cell AICD and apoptosis response in COVID-19 convalescents by inactivated vaccine booster |
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| 520 | |a It is urgently needed to evaluate the necessity and benefits of booster vaccination against the coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron to facilitate clinical decision-making for 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents. We conducted a multicenter, prospective clinical trial (registration number: ChiCTR2100045810) in the first patients with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 20 February 2020 to assess the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron BA.5 and further assess the efficiency and safety of CoronaVac in the convalescent group. A total of 96 COVID-19 convalescents were enrolled in this study. Neutralizing antibody titers in convalescents were significantly reduced in 9-10 months. A dose-refreshing vaccination in 28 convalescents with an antibody titer below 96 significantly induced neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron by 4.84-fold. Meanwhile, the abundance of naive T cells increased dramatically, and TEMRA and TEM cells gradually decreased after vaccination. Activation-induced cell death and apoptosis-related genes were significantly elevated after vaccination in all T-cell subtypes. One-dose booster vaccination was effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in COVID-19 convalescents with low antibody titers. However, vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns may be detrimental to the antiviral response.IMPORTANCEThe globally dominant coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant raises the possibility of repeat infections among 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents with low neutralizing antibody titers. The importance of this multicenter study lies in its evaluation of the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescents and the efficacy of a booster vaccination against the live Omicron. The findings suggest that a one-dose booster vaccination is effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in convalescents with low antibody titers. However, the study also highlights the potential detrimental effects on the antiviral response due to vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns. These results are crucial for facilitating clinical decision-making for COVID-19 convalescents and informing public health policies regarding booster vaccinations | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Clinical Trial | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Jiang, Lina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Wei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Zihao |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Hongyang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Shaohua |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jiang, Yiyun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Meiling |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Yan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Shuhong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fang, Min |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhou, Xuyu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ye, Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhao, Shousong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zheng, Yuxuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Meng, Songdong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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