A low dose of daily licorice intake affects renin, aldosterone, and home blood pressure in a randomized crossover trial
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
BACKGROUND: Licorice, through the effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), raises blood pressure (BP). The World Health Organization has suggested that 100 mg GA/d would be unlikely to cause adverse effects, but of 13 previously published studies none have been randomized and controlled and independently quantified the GA content.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyze the effects on home BP of a daily licorice intake containing 100 mg GA.
METHODS: Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to start with either licorice or a control product in a nonblinded, 2 × 2 crossover study. Home BP was measured daily, and blood samples were collected at the end of each 2-wk period.
RESULTS: There were 28 participants and no dropouts. The median age was 24.0 y (interquartile range 22.8-27.0 y). During the licorice compared with control intake period, the systolic home BP increased [mean difference: 3.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8, 5.4 mm Hg) compared with -0.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -1.8, 1.3 mm Hg); P = 0.018] and renin and aldosterone were suppressed [mean change: -30.0% (95% CI: -56.7%, -3.3%) compared with 15.8% (95% CI: -12.8%, 44.4%); P = 0.003; and -45.1% (95% CI: -61.5%, -28.7%) compared with 8.2% (95% CI: -14.7%, 31.1%); P <0.001, respectively]. In the quartile of participants with the most pronounced suppression of renin and aldosterone, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide concentration increased during the licorice compared with control period [mean change: 204.1% (95% CI: -11.6%, 419.7%) compared with 72.4% (95% CI: -52.2%, 197.1%); P = 0.016].
CONCLUSIONS: We found licorice to be more potent than previously known, with significant increases in BP, after a daily intake of only 100 mg GA. Thus, the safe limit of intake of this substance might need to be reconsidered. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05661721 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05661721).
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:119 |
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| Enthalten in: |
The American journal of clinical nutrition - 119(2024), 3 vom: 31. März, Seite 682-691 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Af Geijerstam, Peder [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
4964P6T9RB |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 05.03.2024 Date Revised 05.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05661721 Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.011 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM367370174 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Af Geijerstam, Peder |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 2 | |a A low dose of daily licorice intake affects renin, aldosterone, and home blood pressure in a randomized crossover trial |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 05.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 05.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05661721 | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Licorice, through the effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), raises blood pressure (BP). The World Health Organization has suggested that 100 mg GA/d would be unlikely to cause adverse effects, but of 13 previously published studies none have been randomized and controlled and independently quantified the GA content | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyze the effects on home BP of a daily licorice intake containing 100 mg GA | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to start with either licorice or a control product in a nonblinded, 2 × 2 crossover study. Home BP was measured daily, and blood samples were collected at the end of each 2-wk period | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: There were 28 participants and no dropouts. The median age was 24.0 y (interquartile range 22.8-27.0 y). During the licorice compared with control intake period, the systolic home BP increased [mean difference: 3.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8, 5.4 mm Hg) compared with -0.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -1.8, 1.3 mm Hg); P = 0.018] and renin and aldosterone were suppressed [mean change: -30.0% (95% CI: -56.7%, -3.3%) compared with 15.8% (95% CI: -12.8%, 44.4%); P = 0.003; and -45.1% (95% CI: -61.5%, -28.7%) compared with 8.2% (95% CI: -14.7%, 31.1%); P <0.001, respectively]. In the quartile of participants with the most pronounced suppression of renin and aldosterone, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide concentration increased during the licorice compared with control period [mean change: 204.1% (95% CI: -11.6%, 419.7%) compared with 72.4% (95% CI: -52.2%, 197.1%); P = 0.016] | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: We found licorice to be more potent than previously known, with significant increases in BP, after a daily intake of only 100 mg GA. Thus, the safe limit of intake of this substance might need to be reconsidered. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05661721 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05661721) | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Randomized Controlled Trial | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Joelsson, Annelie |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rådholm, Karin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nyström, Fredrik H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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