Gender-specific risk factors and outcomes of hyperkalemia in CKD patients : smoking as a driver of hyperkalemia in men
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA..
Background: Hyperkalemia is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but there is scarce information on differential risk factors and outcomes for men and women. For instance, smoking has been suggested to be a risk factor for hyperkalemia, but specific analysis of the sex-specific impact of smoking on hyperkalemia in CKD is lacking.
Methods: We studied serum potassium levels in 2891 participants from the NEFRONA cohort: 483 controls (47% women) and 2408 CKD patients (38% women) without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), assessing whether smoking is a risk factor for hyperkalemia, and if hyperkalemia is associated with outcomes separately for men and women.
Results: Median potassium levels and prevalence of hypo and hyperkalemia were higher in CKD participants than in controls. Serum potassium levels were higher and hyperkalemia and severe hyperkalemia more prevalent in men than in women with non-dialysis CKD (G3-G5). The highest prevalence of hyperkalemia for each gender was found in CKD G4-G5 and hemodialysis patients for men (46%) and in hemodialysis (54%) for women. Gender-specific etiological multivariate analysis identified current smoking as a risk factor for hyperkalemia only in men. Hyperkalemia was independently associated with stopping RAASi, an outcome which was more common in women. Hyperkalemia was also associated to higher risk of cardiovascular events within 4 years in men. In conclusion, hyperkalemia is common among men and women with CKD, but the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes may differ by gender. Specifically, current smoking is a driver of hyperkalemia in men.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:17 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Clinical kidney journal - 17(2024), 1 vom: 28. Jan., Seite sfad212 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Chronic kidney disease |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 09.01.2024 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1093/ckj/sfad212 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM366775170 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Valdivielso, Jose M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gender-specific risk factors and outcomes of hyperkalemia in CKD patients |b smoking as a driver of hyperkalemia in men |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 09.01.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-eCollection | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. | ||
| 520 | |a Background: Hyperkalemia is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but there is scarce information on differential risk factors and outcomes for men and women. For instance, smoking has been suggested to be a risk factor for hyperkalemia, but specific analysis of the sex-specific impact of smoking on hyperkalemia in CKD is lacking | ||
| 520 | |a Methods: We studied serum potassium levels in 2891 participants from the NEFRONA cohort: 483 controls (47% women) and 2408 CKD patients (38% women) without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), assessing whether smoking is a risk factor for hyperkalemia, and if hyperkalemia is associated with outcomes separately for men and women | ||
| 520 | |a Results: Median potassium levels and prevalence of hypo and hyperkalemia were higher in CKD participants than in controls. Serum potassium levels were higher and hyperkalemia and severe hyperkalemia more prevalent in men than in women with non-dialysis CKD (G3-G5). The highest prevalence of hyperkalemia for each gender was found in CKD G4-G5 and hemodialysis patients for men (46%) and in hemodialysis (54%) for women. Gender-specific etiological multivariate analysis identified current smoking as a risk factor for hyperkalemia only in men. Hyperkalemia was independently associated with stopping RAASi, an outcome which was more common in women. Hyperkalemia was also associated to higher risk of cardiovascular events within 4 years in men. In conclusion, hyperkalemia is common among men and women with CKD, but the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes may differ by gender. Specifically, current smoking is a driver of hyperkalemia in men | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a chronic kidney disease | |
| 650 | 4 | |a gender | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hyperkalemia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a risk factors | |
| 650 | 4 | |a smoking | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Carriazo, Sol |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Martin, Marisa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fernandez-Fernandez, Beatriz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bermudez-López, Marcelino |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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