Antibody response and risk of reinfection over 2 years among the patients with first wave of COVID-19
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved..
OBJECTIVES: To describe the dynamics and factors related to natural and hybrid humoral response against the SARS-CoV-2 and risk of reinfection among first-wave patients.
METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study with periodic serological follow-up after acute onset of all recovered patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection cared in Udine Hospital (March-May 2020). Nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) antibody tests were used to distinguish natural and vaccine-induced response.
RESULTS: Overall, 153 patients (66 men, mean age 56 years) were followed for a median of 27.3 (interquartile range 26.9-27.8) months. Seroreversion was 98.5% (95% CI: 96.8-99.4) for SARS-CoV-2-N IgM at 1 year and 57.4% (95% CI: 51.5-63.5) for SARS-CoV-2-N IgG at 2 years. Initial serological response (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-0.99, p 0.002 for IgM and HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.97-0.98, p < 0.001 for IgG) and severity of acute infection (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-0.96, p 0.033 for IgM and HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.99, p < 0.001 for IgG) were independently associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2-N IgM/IgG response. Older age and smoker status were associated with long-term SARS-CoV-2-N IgM and SARS-CoV-2-N IgG, respectively (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98, p 0.038; HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19-2.61, p 0.004 respectively). All patients maintained SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD IgG response at 24-month follow-up. Reinfections occurred in 25 of 153 (16.3%) patients, mostly during the omicron circulation. Reinfection rates did not differ significantly between SARS-CoV-2-N IgG seronegative and seropositive patients (14/89, 15.7% vs. 10/62, 16.1%, p 0.947). Unvaccinated patients had higher risk of reinfection (4/7, 57.1% vs. vaccinated 21/146, 14.4%, p 0.014).
DISCUSSION: First-wave patients had durable natural humoral immunity in 40% and anti-S-RBD response in 100% up to 2 years after infection. Natural humoral response alone was not protective against reinfections with omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, whereas vaccination was effective to reduce the risk of a new infection.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:30 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - 30(2024), 4 vom: 27. März, Seite 522-530 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Peghin, Maddalena [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Antibodies, Viral |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 25.03.2024 Date Revised 25.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.cmi.2023.12.017 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM366324780 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Antibody response and risk of reinfection over 2 years among the patients with first wave of COVID-19 |
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| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: To describe the dynamics and factors related to natural and hybrid humoral response against the SARS-CoV-2 and risk of reinfection among first-wave patients | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study with periodic serological follow-up after acute onset of all recovered patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection cared in Udine Hospital (March-May 2020). Nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) antibody tests were used to distinguish natural and vaccine-induced response | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Overall, 153 patients (66 men, mean age 56 years) were followed for a median of 27.3 (interquartile range 26.9-27.8) months. Seroreversion was 98.5% (95% CI: 96.8-99.4) for SARS-CoV-2-N IgM at 1 year and 57.4% (95% CI: 51.5-63.5) for SARS-CoV-2-N IgG at 2 years. Initial serological response (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-0.99, p 0.002 for IgM and HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.97-0.98, p < 0.001 for IgG) and severity of acute infection (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-0.96, p 0.033 for IgM and HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.99, p < 0.001 for IgG) were independently associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2-N IgM/IgG response. Older age and smoker status were associated with long-term SARS-CoV-2-N IgM and SARS-CoV-2-N IgG, respectively (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98, p 0.038; HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19-2.61, p 0.004 respectively). All patients maintained SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD IgG response at 24-month follow-up. Reinfections occurred in 25 of 153 (16.3%) patients, mostly during the omicron circulation. Reinfection rates did not differ significantly between SARS-CoV-2-N IgG seronegative and seropositive patients (14/89, 15.7% vs. 10/62, 16.1%, p 0.947). Unvaccinated patients had higher risk of reinfection (4/7, 57.1% vs. vaccinated 21/146, 14.4%, p 0.014) | ||
| 520 | |a DISCUSSION: First-wave patients had durable natural humoral immunity in 40% and anti-S-RBD response in 100% up to 2 years after infection. Natural humoral response alone was not protective against reinfections with omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, whereas vaccination was effective to reduce the risk of a new infection | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 antibodies | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a De Martino, Maria |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Palese, Alvisa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chiappinotto, Stefania |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fonda, Federico |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gerussi, Valentina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sartor, Assunta |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Curcio, Francesco |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Grossi, Paolo Antonio |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Isola, Miriam |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tascini, Carlo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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