Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Infants in the United States : Incidence, Severity, Fatality, and Variants of Concern
Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved..
BACKGROUND: The clinical spectrum of infant COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening illness, yet epidemiologic surveillance has been limited for infants.
METHODS: Using COVID-19 case data (restricted to reporting states) and national mortality data, we calculated incidence, hospitalization, mortality and case fatality rates through March 2022.
RESULTS: Reported incidence of COVID-19 was 64.1 new cases per 1000 infant years (95% CI: 63.3-64.9). We estimated that 594,012 infants tested positive for COVID-19 nationwide by March 31, 2022. Viral variant comparisons revealed that incidence was 7× higher during the Omicron (January-March 2022) versus the pre-Delta period (June 2020-May 2021). The cumulative case hospitalization rate was 4.1% (95% CI: 4.0%-4.3%). For every 74 hospitalized infants, one infant death occurred, but overall COVID-19-related infant case fatality was low, with 7.0 deaths per 10,000 cases (95% CI: 5.6-8.7). Nationwide, 333 COVID-19 infant deaths were reported. Only 13 infant deaths (3.9%) were the result of usually lethal congenital anomalies. The majority of infant decedents were non-White (28.2% Black, 26.1% Hispanic, 8.1% Asian, Indigenous or multiracial).
CONCLUSIONS: More than half a million US infants contracted COVID-19 by March 2022. Longitudinal assessment of long-term infant SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae remains a critical research gap. Extremely low infant vaccination rates (<5%), waning adult immunity and continued viral exposure risks suggest that infant COVID-19 will remain a persistent public health problem. Our study underscores the need to increase vaccination rates for mothers and infants, decrease viral exposure risks and improve health equity.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:43 |
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| Enthalten in: |
The Pediatric infectious disease journal - 43(2024), 3 vom: 01. Feb., Seite 217-225 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Barry, Megan C [VerfasserIn] |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 23.02.2024 Date Revised 23.02.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1097/INF.0000000000004201 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM366250361 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Infants in the United States |b Incidence, Severity, Fatality, and Variants of Concern |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 23.02.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: The clinical spectrum of infant COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening illness, yet epidemiologic surveillance has been limited for infants | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Using COVID-19 case data (restricted to reporting states) and national mortality data, we calculated incidence, hospitalization, mortality and case fatality rates through March 2022 | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Reported incidence of COVID-19 was 64.1 new cases per 1000 infant years (95% CI: 63.3-64.9). We estimated that 594,012 infants tested positive for COVID-19 nationwide by March 31, 2022. Viral variant comparisons revealed that incidence was 7× higher during the Omicron (January-March 2022) versus the pre-Delta period (June 2020-May 2021). The cumulative case hospitalization rate was 4.1% (95% CI: 4.0%-4.3%). For every 74 hospitalized infants, one infant death occurred, but overall COVID-19-related infant case fatality was low, with 7.0 deaths per 10,000 cases (95% CI: 5.6-8.7). Nationwide, 333 COVID-19 infant deaths were reported. Only 13 infant deaths (3.9%) were the result of usually lethal congenital anomalies. The majority of infant decedents were non-White (28.2% Black, 26.1% Hispanic, 8.1% Asian, Indigenous or multiracial) | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: More than half a million US infants contracted COVID-19 by March 2022. Longitudinal assessment of long-term infant SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae remains a critical research gap. Extremely low infant vaccination rates (<5%), waning adult immunity and continued viral exposure risks suggest that infant COVID-19 will remain a persistent public health problem. Our study underscores the need to increase vaccination rates for mothers and infants, decrease viral exposure risks and improve health equity | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Swanson, Justin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cen, Ruiqi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Menard, Janelle |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Salemi, Jason L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nembhard, Wendy N |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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