Associations of maternal exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during early pregnancy with steroid hormones among one-month-old infants

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..

BACKGROUND: Exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used hormonal herbicide, may disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis. However, evidence from population-based studies is limited, especially for one-month-old infants whose steroid hormones are in a state of adjustment to extrauterine life and can be important indicators of endocrine development. This study aimed to explore the associations between maternal 2,4-D exposure during early pregnancy and infant steroid hormone levels.

METHODS: The 885 mother-infant pairs were from a birth cohort in Wuhan, China. Maternal exposure to 2,4-D was determined in urine samples from early pregnancy, and nine steroid hormones were determined in infant urine. The associations of maternal 2,4-D exposure with infant steroid hormones and their product-to-precursor ratios were estimated based on generalized linear models, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted with public databases to explore the potential mechanisms involved.

RESULTS: The detection frequency of 2,4-D was 99.32 %, and the detection frequency of steroid hormones ranged from 98.42 % to 100.00 %. After adjusting for covariates, an interquartile range increase in 2,4-D concentrations was associated with a 7.84 % decrease in 11-deoxycortisol (95 % confidence interval, CI: -14.12 %, -1.10 %), an 8.09 % decrease in corticosterone (95 % CI: -14.56 %, -1.14 %), an 8.67 % decrease in cortisol (95 % CI: -14.43 %, -2.52 %), a 13.00 % decrease in cortisone (95 % CI: -20.64 %, -4.62 %), and an 11.17 % decrease in aldosterone (95 % CI: -19.62 %, -1.83 %). Maternal 2,4-D was also associated with lower infant cortisol/17α-OH-progesterone, cortisol/pregnenolone, and aldosterone/pregnenolone ratios. In bioinformatic analysis, pathways/biological processes related to steroid hormone synthesis and secretion were enriched from target genes of 2,4-D exposure.

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal urinary 2,4-D during early pregnancy was associated with lower infant urinary 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone, reflecting that 2,4-D exposure may interfere with infant steroid hormone homeostasis. Further efforts are still needed to study the relevant health effects of exposure to 2,4-D, particularly for vulnerable populations.

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2024

Erschienen:

2024

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:912

Enthalten in:

The Science of the total environment - 912(2024) vom: 20. Jan., Seite 169414

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Liu, Jiangtao [VerfasserIn]
Yang, Tingting [VerfasserIn]
Li, Ying [VerfasserIn]
Li, Shulan [VerfasserIn]
Li, Yuanyuan [VerfasserIn]
Xu, Shunqing [VerfasserIn]
Xia, Wei [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext

Themen:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2577AQ9262
4964P6T9RB
4G7DS2Q64Y
73R90F7MQ8
Aldosterone
Birth cohort
Corticosterone
Cortisol
Cortisone
Cortodoxone
Herbicides
Hydrocortisone
Journal Article
Pregnenolone
Progesterone
Steroid hormones
V27W9254FZ
W980KJ009P
WDT5SLP0HQ
WI4X0X7BPJ

Anmerkungen:

Date Completed 18.01.2024

Date Revised 18.01.2024

published: Print-Electronic

Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169414

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

NLM366047086