Sun-Cross Running Suture Combined with Transverse to Longitudinal Skin Closure to Correct Severe Inverted Nipple
© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery..
BACKGROUND: Inverted nipple deformity presents an unsatisfactory appearance that may induce an unpleasant sex life, but can also be associated with psychological discomfort and increased the functional problems, such as local irritation and inflammation.
METHODS: Multiple techniques have been used to correct inverted nipples, but they mostly lead to different problems such as deficiency of the nerve or duct, recurrence of the inverted nipple, and hypopigmented scars in the areola. To minimize complications and maintain the stability of the reconstructed nipple, we presented a minimal incision technique that designed four 3-mm-sized horizontal microincisions, which ran a sun-cross through the periphery and the core of the nipple to push the nipple together, then a vertical suture ran longitudinal to close the transverse incision to stabilize the projection.
RESULTS: This technique was performed in 71 patients classified as grade II or III of the inverted nipples, comprising 53 congenital cases and 18 patients with acquired deformity. Thirty-four patients had bilateral inverted nipples, and 37 patients had unilateral inverted nipple. During a mean follow-up period of 15 months, 70 corrected nipples remained raised without recurrence, and one nipple was found retracted at the outpatient clinic after 3 months. There were no serious complications associated with surgery regarding nipple necrosis, seven patients got temporary swelling, two patients got infected after touching water, three patients got extravasated blood, eight patients indicated that they touched scar under the nipple, and two patients reflected nipple dysesthesia. In the 15 months follow-up, the patients with Grade II nipple inversion maintained a nipple average height of 9.54 ± 0.95, and the patients with Grade III nipple inversion maintained a nipple average height of 9.19 ± 1.09, and 86.63% of patients were satisfied with their results.
CONCLUSION: This is a simple, safe, effective and reliable technique that should be considered, providing sustained results over the long-term follow-up period with a high rate of stable eversion and low incidence of ischemia, necrosis, scarring and dysesthesia. The vertical scar of the transverse incision closure leads to an esthetic appearance without apparent scarring and minimizes the risk of an altered nipple sensation.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Aesthetic plastic surgery - (2023) vom: 18. Dez. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Wang, Qinbo [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Inverted nipples |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 19.12.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s00266-023-03767-4 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM366014390 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sun-Cross Running Suture Combined with Transverse to Longitudinal Skin Closure to Correct Severe Inverted Nipple |
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| 520 | |a © 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Inverted nipple deformity presents an unsatisfactory appearance that may induce an unpleasant sex life, but can also be associated with psychological discomfort and increased the functional problems, such as local irritation and inflammation | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Multiple techniques have been used to correct inverted nipples, but they mostly lead to different problems such as deficiency of the nerve or duct, recurrence of the inverted nipple, and hypopigmented scars in the areola. To minimize complications and maintain the stability of the reconstructed nipple, we presented a minimal incision technique that designed four 3-mm-sized horizontal microincisions, which ran a sun-cross through the periphery and the core of the nipple to push the nipple together, then a vertical suture ran longitudinal to close the transverse incision to stabilize the projection | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: This technique was performed in 71 patients classified as grade II or III of the inverted nipples, comprising 53 congenital cases and 18 patients with acquired deformity. Thirty-four patients had bilateral inverted nipples, and 37 patients had unilateral inverted nipple. During a mean follow-up period of 15 months, 70 corrected nipples remained raised without recurrence, and one nipple was found retracted at the outpatient clinic after 3 months. There were no serious complications associated with surgery regarding nipple necrosis, seven patients got temporary swelling, two patients got infected after touching water, three patients got extravasated blood, eight patients indicated that they touched scar under the nipple, and two patients reflected nipple dysesthesia. In the 15 months follow-up, the patients with Grade II nipple inversion maintained a nipple average height of 9.54 ± 0.95, and the patients with Grade III nipple inversion maintained a nipple average height of 9.19 ± 1.09, and 86.63% of patients were satisfied with their results | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: This is a simple, safe, effective and reliable technique that should be considered, providing sustained results over the long-term follow-up period with a high rate of stable eversion and low incidence of ischemia, necrosis, scarring and dysesthesia. The vertical scar of the transverse incision closure leads to an esthetic appearance without apparent scarring and minimizes the risk of an altered nipple sensation | ||
| 520 | |a LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Longitudinal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Satisfaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sun-cross | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Transverse | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhong, Xiaofang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Qingyu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Zongyan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Haiyan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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