Interpersonal distance perception during the normalization of an pandemic situation : Effects of mask-wearing and vaccination
© 2023 The Authors. PsyCh Journal published by Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd..
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-pandemic measures, including wearing a face mask and receiving vaccinations, on interpersonal distance (IPD) during the normalization stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) technology was used to simulate the experimental environment and a confederate in different conditions. Thirty-one participants were asked to approach the virtual confederate, who could exhibit three vaccination states and two mask-wearing conditions, actively and passively in both indoor and outdoor environments. ANOVA results showed that the participants kept a smaller IPD from the confederate wearing a face mask (IPD = 125.6 cm) than from the one without a face mask (IPD = 154.2 cm). The effects of vaccination states were significant, with the largest distance for an unvaccinated confederate (IPD = 182.3 cm) and the smallest distance for the confederate who had received a booster vaccine (IPD = 111.5 cm). Significant effects of environment were also found, with the participants maintaining a larger IPD in an outdoor environment (IPD = 143.4 cm) than in an indoor room (IPD = 136.4 cm). Additionally, the IPD collected when the participants were passively approached (IPD = 149.6 cm) was significantly larger than that obtained when they actively approached the confederate (IPD = 130.3 cm). Moreover, when the participants faced a confederate who had received a booster vaccine and wore a mask, the IPD was not significantly different from that collected before the COVID-19 pandemic in both the active and passive patterns. These findings help us to better understand the nature of IPD and human behaviors during the normalization stage of the pandemic and provide scientific suggestions for policymakers to develop pandemic-prevention measures.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:13 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
PsyCh journal - 13(2024), 2 vom: 16. Apr., Seite 190-200 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Yu, Xiaoqing [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
COVID‐19 |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 05.04.2024 Date Revised 06.04.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1002/pchj.719 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM365962856 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM365962856 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240406232104.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231227s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1002/pchj.719 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1367.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM365962856 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)38105590 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Yu, Xiaoqing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Interpersonal distance perception during the normalization of an pandemic situation |b Effects of mask-wearing and vaccination |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 05.04.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 06.04.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2023 The Authors. PsyCh Journal published by Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. | ||
| 520 | |a This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-pandemic measures, including wearing a face mask and receiving vaccinations, on interpersonal distance (IPD) during the normalization stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) technology was used to simulate the experimental environment and a confederate in different conditions. Thirty-one participants were asked to approach the virtual confederate, who could exhibit three vaccination states and two mask-wearing conditions, actively and passively in both indoor and outdoor environments. ANOVA results showed that the participants kept a smaller IPD from the confederate wearing a face mask (IPD = 125.6 cm) than from the one without a face mask (IPD = 154.2 cm). The effects of vaccination states were significant, with the largest distance for an unvaccinated confederate (IPD = 182.3 cm) and the smallest distance for the confederate who had received a booster vaccine (IPD = 111.5 cm). Significant effects of environment were also found, with the participants maintaining a larger IPD in an outdoor environment (IPD = 143.4 cm) than in an indoor room (IPD = 136.4 cm). Additionally, the IPD collected when the participants were passively approached (IPD = 149.6 cm) was significantly larger than that obtained when they actively approached the confederate (IPD = 130.3 cm). Moreover, when the participants faced a confederate who had received a booster vaccine and wore a mask, the IPD was not significantly different from that collected before the COVID-19 pandemic in both the active and passive patterns. These findings help us to better understand the nature of IPD and human behaviors during the normalization stage of the pandemic and provide scientific suggestions for policymakers to develop pandemic-prevention measures | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID‐19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a VR technology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a face mask | |
| 650 | 4 | |a social distance | |
| 650 | 4 | |a vaccination | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vaccines |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Chun-Hsien |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xia, Ziqing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Congyi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xiong, Wei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t PsyCh journal |d 2012 |g 13(2024), 2 vom: 16. Apr., Seite 190-200 |w (DE-627)NLM233245235 |x 2046-0260 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:13 |g year:2024 |g number:2 |g day:16 |g month:04 |g pages:190-200 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pchj.719 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 13 |j 2024 |e 2 |b 16 |c 04 |h 190-200 | ||