A prospective study on endocrine function in patients with long-COVID symptoms
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Hellenic Endocrine Society..
OBJECTIVE: To investigate hormonal status in patients with long-COVID and explore the interrelationship between hormone levels and long-COVID symptoms.
DESIGN: Prospective observational study.
PARTICIPANTS: Patients who visited our long-COVID outpatients' clinic due to long-COVID symptoms from February 2021 to December 2022.
MEASUREMENTS: Total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroglobulin, anti-thyroperoxidase, and antithyroglobulin autoantibodies were measured for thyroid assessment. Other hormones measured were growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone, plasma insulin, and C-peptide. Blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were also measured. To assess adrenal reserve, an ACTH stimulation test was performed. The fatigue assessment scale (FAS) was used to evaluate fatigue severity.
RESULTS: Eighty-four adult patients were included. Overall, 40.5% of the patients had at least one endocrine disorder. These included prediabetes (21.4%), low DHEA-S (21.4%), subclinical hypothyroidism (3.6%), non-specific thyroid function abnormality (7.1%), thyroid autoimmunity (7.1%), low testosterone in males (6.6%), and low IGF-1 (3.6%). All patients had normal adrenal reserve. Long-COVID-19 symptoms were present in all patients and the most commonly reported symptom was fatigue (89.3%). The FAS score was higher than normal (≥ 22) in 42.8% of patients. There were no associations between patients' symptoms and hormone levels. Diabetic patients reported confusion (p = 0.020) and hair loss (p = 0.040) more often than non-diabetics.
CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of endocrine function 3 months after a positive SARS-CoV2 test revealed only subclinical syndromes. The vast majority of patients reported mainly fatigue, among other symptoms, which were unrelated, however, to endocrine function.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:23 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Hormones (Athens, Greece) - 23(2024), 1 vom: 13. März, Seite 59-67 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Mourelatos, Panagiotis [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 15.02.2024 Date Revised 18.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s42000-023-00511-0 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM364879068 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mourelatos, Panagiotis |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 2 | |a A prospective study on endocrine function in patients with long-COVID symptoms |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 18.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Hellenic Endocrine Society. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: To investigate hormonal status in patients with long-COVID and explore the interrelationship between hormone levels and long-COVID symptoms | ||
| 520 | |a DESIGN: Prospective observational study | ||
| 520 | |a PARTICIPANTS: Patients who visited our long-COVID outpatients' clinic due to long-COVID symptoms from February 2021 to December 2022 | ||
| 520 | |a MEASUREMENTS: Total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroglobulin, anti-thyroperoxidase, and antithyroglobulin autoantibodies were measured for thyroid assessment. Other hormones measured were growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone, plasma insulin, and C-peptide. Blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were also measured. To assess adrenal reserve, an ACTH stimulation test was performed. The fatigue assessment scale (FAS) was used to evaluate fatigue severity | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Eighty-four adult patients were included. Overall, 40.5% of the patients had at least one endocrine disorder. These included prediabetes (21.4%), low DHEA-S (21.4%), subclinical hypothyroidism (3.6%), non-specific thyroid function abnormality (7.1%), thyroid autoimmunity (7.1%), low testosterone in males (6.6%), and low IGF-1 (3.6%). All patients had normal adrenal reserve. Long-COVID-19 symptoms were present in all patients and the most commonly reported symptom was fatigue (89.3%). The FAS score was higher than normal (≥ 22) in 42.8% of patients. There were no associations between patients' symptoms and hormone levels. Diabetic patients reported confusion (p = 0.020) and hair loss (p = 0.040) more often than non-diabetics | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of endocrine function 3 months after a positive SARS-CoV2 test revealed only subclinical syndromes. The vast majority of patients reported mainly fatigue, among other symptoms, which were unrelated, however, to endocrine function | ||
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