Cross-sectional population-based estimates of a rural-urban disparity in prevalence of long COVID among Michigan adults with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19, 2020-2022
© 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Rural Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Rural Health Association..
PURPOSE: To (1) assess whether residential rurality/urbanicity was associated with the prevalence of 30- or 90-day long COVID, and (2) evaluate whether differences in long COVID risk factors might explain this potential disparity.
METHODS: We used data from the Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study, a population-based probability sample of adults with COVID-19 (n = 4,937). We measured residential rurality/urbanicity using dichotomized Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes (metropolitan, nonmetropolitan). We considered outcomes of 30-day long COVID (illness duration ≥30 days) and 90-day long COVID (illness duration ≥90 days). Using Poisson regression, we estimated unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) to compare 30- and 90-day long COVID between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan respondents. Then, we adjusted our model to account for differences between groups in long COVID risk factors (age, sex, acute COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health care access, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and pre-existing conditions). We estimated associations for the full study period (Jan 1, 2020-May 31, 2022), the pre-vaccine era (before April 5, 2021), and the vaccine era (after April 5, 2021).
FINDINGS: Compared to metropolitan adults, the prevalence of 30-day long COVID was 15% higher (PR = 1.15 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.29]), and the prevalence of 90-day long COVID was 27% higher (PR = 1.27 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.49]) among nonmetropolitan adults. Adjusting for long COVID risk factors did not reduce disparity estimates in the pre-vaccine era but halved estimates in the vaccine era.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence of a rural-urban disparity in long COVID and suggest that the factors contributing to this disparity changed over time as the sociopolitical context of the pandemic evolved and COVID-19 vaccines were introduced.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:40 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association - 40(2024), 2 vom: 01. März, Seite 303-313 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
MacCallum-Bridges, Colleen L [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
COVID-19 Vaccines |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 21.03.2024 Date Revised 21.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1111/jrh.12807 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM364659483 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM364659483 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240321235622.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231226s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1111/jrh.12807 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1338.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM364659483 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)37974389 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a MacCallum-Bridges, Colleen L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cross-sectional population-based estimates of a rural-urban disparity in prevalence of long COVID among Michigan adults with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19, 2020-2022 |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 21.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 21.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Rural Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Rural Health Association. | ||
| 520 | |a PURPOSE: To (1) assess whether residential rurality/urbanicity was associated with the prevalence of 30- or 90-day long COVID, and (2) evaluate whether differences in long COVID risk factors might explain this potential disparity | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We used data from the Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study, a population-based probability sample of adults with COVID-19 (n = 4,937). We measured residential rurality/urbanicity using dichotomized Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes (metropolitan, nonmetropolitan). We considered outcomes of 30-day long COVID (illness duration ≥30 days) and 90-day long COVID (illness duration ≥90 days). Using Poisson regression, we estimated unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) to compare 30- and 90-day long COVID between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan respondents. Then, we adjusted our model to account for differences between groups in long COVID risk factors (age, sex, acute COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health care access, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and pre-existing conditions). We estimated associations for the full study period (Jan 1, 2020-May 31, 2022), the pre-vaccine era (before April 5, 2021), and the vaccine era (after April 5, 2021) | ||
| 520 | |a FINDINGS: Compared to metropolitan adults, the prevalence of 30-day long COVID was 15% higher (PR = 1.15 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.29]), and the prevalence of 90-day long COVID was 27% higher (PR = 1.27 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.49]) among nonmetropolitan adults. Adjusting for long COVID risk factors did not reduce disparity estimates in the pre-vaccine era but halved estimates in the vaccine era | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence of a rural-urban disparity in long COVID and suggest that the factors contributing to this disparity changed over time as the sociopolitical context of the pandemic evolved and COVID-19 vaccines were introduced | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a health disparities | |
| 650 | 4 | |a long COVID | |
| 650 | 4 | |a post-COVID-19 condition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a rural health | |
| 650 | 4 | |a urban health | |
| 650 | 7 | |a COVID-19 Vaccines |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hirschtick, Jana L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Allgood, Kristi L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ryu, Soomin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Orellana, Robert C |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fleischer, Nancy L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association |d 1985 |g 40(2024), 2 vom: 01. März, Seite 303-313 |w (DE-627)NLM036315915 |x 1748-0361 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:40 |g year:2024 |g number:2 |g day:01 |g month:03 |g pages:303-313 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12807 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 40 |j 2024 |e 2 |b 01 |c 03 |h 303-313 | ||