Characteristics and time course of benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substance detections in Australia : results from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia - Victoria project 2020-2022
Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..
INTRODUCTION: The emergence of benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are a growing international public health concern, with increasing detections in drug seizures and clinical and coronial casework. This study describes the patterns and nature of benzodiazepine-type NPS detections extracted from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia - Victoria (EDNAV) project, to better characterise benzodiazepine-type NPS exposures within an Australian context.
METHODS: EDNAV is a state-wide illicit drug toxicosurveillance project collecting data from patients presenting to an emergency department with illicit drug-related toxicity. Patient blood samples were screened for illicit, pharmaceutical and NPSs utilising liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic, clinical, and analytical data was extracted from the centralised registry for cases with an analytical confirmation of a benzodiazepine-type NPS(s) between September 2020-August 2022.
RESULTS: A benzodiazepine-type NPS was detected in 16.5 % of the EDNAV cohort (n = 183/1112). Benzodiazepine-type NPS positive patients were predominately male (69.4 %, n = 127), with a median age of 24 (range 16-68) years. Twelve different benzodiazepine-type NPSs were detected over the two-year period, most commonly clonazolam (n = 82, 44.8 %), etizolam (n = 62, 33.9 %), clobromazolam (n = 43, 23.5 %), flualprazolam (n = 42, 23.0 %), and phenazepam (n = 31, 16.9 %). Two or more benzodiazepine-type NPSs were detected in 47.0 % of benzodiazepine-type NPS positive patients. No patient referenced the use of a benzodiazepine-type NPS by name or reported the possibility of heterogenous product content.
CONCLUSION: Non-prescription benzodiazepine use may be an emerging concern in Australia, particularly amongst young males. The large variety of benzodiazepine-type NPS combinations suggest that consumers may not be aware of product heterogeneity upon purchase or use. Continued monitoring efforts are paramount to inform harm reduction opportunities.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:122 |
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| Enthalten in: |
The International journal on drug policy - 122(2023) vom: 08. Dez., Seite 104245 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Syrjanen, Rebekka [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
12794-10-4 |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 16.12.2023 Date Revised 16.12.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104245 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM364360534 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Syrjanen, Rebekka |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Characteristics and time course of benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substance detections in Australia |b results from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia - Victoria project 2020-2022 |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 16.12.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a INTRODUCTION: The emergence of benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are a growing international public health concern, with increasing detections in drug seizures and clinical and coronial casework. This study describes the patterns and nature of benzodiazepine-type NPS detections extracted from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia - Victoria (EDNAV) project, to better characterise benzodiazepine-type NPS exposures within an Australian context | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: EDNAV is a state-wide illicit drug toxicosurveillance project collecting data from patients presenting to an emergency department with illicit drug-related toxicity. Patient blood samples were screened for illicit, pharmaceutical and NPSs utilising liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic, clinical, and analytical data was extracted from the centralised registry for cases with an analytical confirmation of a benzodiazepine-type NPS(s) between September 2020-August 2022 | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: A benzodiazepine-type NPS was detected in 16.5 % of the EDNAV cohort (n = 183/1112). Benzodiazepine-type NPS positive patients were predominately male (69.4 %, n = 127), with a median age of 24 (range 16-68) years. Twelve different benzodiazepine-type NPSs were detected over the two-year period, most commonly clonazolam (n = 82, 44.8 %), etizolam (n = 62, 33.9 %), clobromazolam (n = 43, 23.5 %), flualprazolam (n = 42, 23.0 %), and phenazepam (n = 31, 16.9 %). Two or more benzodiazepine-type NPSs were detected in 47.0 % of benzodiazepine-type NPS positive patients. No patient referenced the use of a benzodiazepine-type NPS by name or reported the possibility of heterogenous product content | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: Non-prescription benzodiazepine use may be an emerging concern in Australia, particularly amongst young males. The large variety of benzodiazepine-type NPS combinations suggest that consumers may not be aware of product heterogeneity upon purchase or use. Continued monitoring efforts are paramount to inform harm reduction opportunities | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Benzodiazepine-type NPS | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Early warning system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NPS | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Toxicosurveillance | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Psychotropic Drugs |2 NLM | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Benzodiazepines |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a 12794-10-4 |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Greene, Shaun L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Weber, Courtney |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Smith, Jennifer L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hodgson, Sarah E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Abouchedid, Rachelle |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gerostamoulos, Dimitri |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Maplesden, Jacqueline |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Knott, Jonathan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hollerer, Hans |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rotella, Joe-Anthony |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Graudins, Andis |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schumann, Jennifer L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a EDNAV project research group |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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