Mechanism for metal loss in smelting of recycled spent lithium-ion batteries : The overlooked role of refractory materials
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved..
The pyrometallurgical process used to recover spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) involves high smelting temperatures. During the smelting process, the refractories dissolve into the slag. This can have negative effects on metal recovery. Nonetheless, issues related to the effects of refractories on separation of the slag and metal during smelting of spent LIBs have not received much attention. Therefore, in this study, the effects of refractories (Al2O3 and MgO) on metal recovery rates were investigated. The aim was to reveal the mechanism for metal loss from the slag due to the influence of refractories and the interfacial reactions between the slag and the refractories. The results showed that less MgO dissolved in the slag, and this resulted in a metal recovery rate higher than that seen with Al2O3. The Al2O3 refractory continued to dissolve in the slag so that the crucible matrix was no longer dense. Furthermore, the slag penetrated the crucible, resulting in accelerated dissolution of the Al2O3 refractory. The formation of spinel and transition layers at the interface between the MgO refractory and the slag generated a region of local equilibrium, slowing the penetration of slag into the refractory and reducing the dissolution rate of MgO. The difference in metal recovery rates was attributed to physical losses. Dissolution of the Al2O3 refractory led to an increase in the slag viscosity, which adversely affected settling of the alloy particles in the slag. This led to increased losses of the metal in the slag and reduced metal recovery with the Al2O3 refractory.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:349 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of environmental management - 349(2023) vom: 01. Jan., Seite 119438 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Qu, Guorui [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
3A3U0GI71G |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 30.11.2023 Date Revised 30.11.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119438 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM364312076 |
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| 520 | |a Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a The pyrometallurgical process used to recover spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) involves high smelting temperatures. During the smelting process, the refractories dissolve into the slag. This can have negative effects on metal recovery. Nonetheless, issues related to the effects of refractories on separation of the slag and metal during smelting of spent LIBs have not received much attention. Therefore, in this study, the effects of refractories (Al2O3 and MgO) on metal recovery rates were investigated. The aim was to reveal the mechanism for metal loss from the slag due to the influence of refractories and the interfacial reactions between the slag and the refractories. The results showed that less MgO dissolved in the slag, and this resulted in a metal recovery rate higher than that seen with Al2O3. The Al2O3 refractory continued to dissolve in the slag so that the crucible matrix was no longer dense. Furthermore, the slag penetrated the crucible, resulting in accelerated dissolution of the Al2O3 refractory. The formation of spinel and transition layers at the interface between the MgO refractory and the slag generated a region of local equilibrium, slowing the penetration of slag into the refractory and reducing the dissolution rate of MgO. The difference in metal recovery rates was attributed to physical losses. Dissolution of the Al2O3 refractory led to an increase in the slag viscosity, which adversely affected settling of the alloy particles in the slag. This led to increased losses of the metal in the slag and reduced metal recovery with the Al2O3 refractory | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Interfacial reaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metal loss | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pyrometallurgy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Refractory materials | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spent LIBs | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Lithium |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a 9FN79X2M3F |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Magnesium Oxide |2 NLM | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Metals |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Jiaqi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wei, Yonggang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhou, Shiwei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Bo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Hua |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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